Music Essay - America Needs Rap and Hip Hop -- Expository Exemplificat

America Needs Rap and Hip Hop Ever since it became popular in the late eighties, hip-hop harmony has been a target of moral disapproval. Many critics have labeled the symphony as an offensive, vulgar, misogynist form of expression, which negatively influences its listeners, peculiarly children. Early in rap musics development concerned citizens and various government officials held protests against the release of certain rap albums. Rap musics opponents demanded strict censorship. But hip-hop was increasingly attracting large audiences and its supporters were ready to fight the censors who they believed were taking away their constitutional right of freedom of speech, and the freedom of the urban black culture to express itself. What critics of rap music dont comprehend is that rap music is a part of our culture, which is impossible to ignore. Although it may be untraditional, it is a very eloquent form of expression that illustrates the conditions and feeling of a vib rant African -American young culture Hip-hop is constantly attacked in the music world. Many music critics argue that rap is not a legal form of music. This attack on rap music isnt only restricted to critics, many people of older generations have similar attitudes regarding this style of music. Those who stick to the customary definition of music argue that Hip-hop has no melody, and that since at that place is no singing it isnt true music. Rap music is also criticized for its lack of originality, because rap artists atomic number 18 constantly sampling beats from pre-existing songs. . In response to the argument that hip-hop isnt a true form of music, one would ask who and what defines music? Is there a canon which all contemporary m... ...eve Im in the right place/ showed her my boarding pass/ then she short of gasped/ If white boys doing it , well, it success/ If I fasten on doing it, well, its suspect/ ( for rest of song see appendix 2) In spite of the cont roversy the hip-hop culture encounters, its significance cannot be overlooked. Rap music is an authorised cultural phenomenon that represents a part of society that, after many years, has found a voice. It would be a mistake to think of all hip-hop as monolithic in fact it could be seen as a continuous dialogue within a community. Despite some of the controversial elements of hip-hop, rap music is an essential tool for the African- American communitys search for identity. Be a native/ get creative/ original and designated -A tribe called quest( youthful expression) 1 The eloquent essay, king of beasts Marx. P.88

Should Marriage Be Left To The States? Essay -- essays research papers

My short answer is "no", but let me explain. Before answering what I think the situation should be, it is helpful to look at what the situation is. Currently family law is a consider left to a great extent to the submits. situates impart the power to decide who may marry, the legal process required to do so, and what the legal consequences of that marriage are within the state. In all these matters states differ from apiece other. The state is limited in its actions, though, to the emergency of its own composing as well as the governing body of the United States. What those constitutions require is often a matter of great debate, but the ultimate judge is the states highest court for matters pertaining to its own constitution, and the Supreme Court of the US for matters in the US Constitution. In either case the constitution can be amended by a process laid out in that respectin. So, for example, the US has ruled that a state may not keep interracial marriages, or forbid inmates from marrying (except under compelling reasons). I am not aware of any argument claiming that the US Constitution currently forbids same-sex marriage, although there are arguments that it requires it either as matter of a fundamental right to marry, or as a matter of equal protection. It has been noted that the federal presidential term has banned polygamy, but I dont believe this is quite true. The US Congress is ultimately responsible for the laws in DC and the territories. It thus banned polygamy in doh when Utah was a territory. The Congress besides the power to decide whether to admit a new state to the Union (both these powers are in Article IV, Sec. 3). hence Congress refused to admit Utah to the union unless its state constitution perpetually forbade polygamy. If Congres had thought it had the power to ban polygamy in the states, this would not have been necessary. There is also the issue of section 1 from the above Article IV which guarantee Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. (Section 2 could also lead to some issues, but as it has been interpreted these issues seem minor). Here is concisely my understanding of how the SCOTUS has interpreted that clause, based primarily on my reading from Andrew Koppelmans book (see left sidebar) which devotes all of chapter 5 to this subject. Fulll Faith and ... ...ough a process they decided upon. As I said, Im not a big fan of the state as sovreign concept, but its what we have right now. Unless we are going to abandon that concept, it is up to the state to deal with matters of how their own constitution should be interpreted. Other than prohibition (which many say in hindsight was a terrible idea) the only time we limit what a state can do within its own territory is when otherwise it would violate the right of an individual as a US citizen.In summary, if I could write the constitution as I saw fit, stat es wouldnt have rights and marriage policy would be set by the federal government. If we are going to move on marriage policy to the states, as the constitution currently does, I see no reason to carve out an exception for same-sex marriage. States already have the requirement to provide equal protection in all of their laws including marriage, and I believe this would require same-sex marriage. I have no problem with somebody pushing for an amendment to the constitution if they see a change as necessary. I would hope the amendment would be narrowly tailored, though, to address the specific problem or problems it is designed to address.

Zagreb, Croatia :: essays research papers

SUBJECT ZAGREB, CROATIAWelcome to one of the most beautiful cities in Central Europe, Zagreb Although located in a democracy plagued by war, it offers safety, a strong history, and many tourism destinations. It is considered to be the focal point of culture and science, and now of commerce and industry as well in Croatia. HISTORYOriginally a suburb of the ancient Roman town of Andautonia, the Mongols invaded it in 1242. It became an important city of Croatia and Slovenia, which at the present time were provinces of Hungary, in the subsequent part of the 13th century. In the 19th century, when Croatia was fighting for independence, Zagreb became an integral part of the nationalist movement. It became the capital of the Croatian Republic of Yugoslavia in 1945. When, in 1992, Croatia became and independent state, Zagreb remained as the capital.PLACES OF INTERESTZagreb has three major regions. The Upper Town, Gornji grad, is over one thousand years old. It contains most of the citys m useums, galleries and churches. It is also the home of the Presidential Palace, Banski Dvori, and Sabor, the Parliament. The gl atomic number 18 Town, Dolnji grad, mostly developed in the 1900s, is home to most restaurants, cafes, theatres, parks, shopping, and more importantly the nightlife. Of least liaison to tourist would be Novi Zagreb, which hosts many skyscrapers and nothing of major interest .Zagreb is called a city of museums as there are more of them per square foot than any other city in the world. Some of these are the Strossmayer Gallery, the Gallery of Modern Art, the Ethnographic Museum, and the Mimara museum which, with almost 4,000 priceless objects, is one of the finest art galleries in Europe. Other interesting artifacts located in Zagreb are the longest beak of writing in ancient Etruscan, and the remains of the Krapina prehistoric man.The main square in the city is Trg Bana Jelacica. Once there all sights are within base on balls distance. It hosts a number o f churches and cathedrals, which are very important to the Roman Catholic religion. Such as the Archbishops Palace, which is attached to the beautiful St. Stephens Cathedral. Ivan Mestovic, a Croatian storied sculptor, has many works in St. Marks Church, another important sight. Located in Upper Town is the Stone Gate of the 13th century, on it is a painting of the Virgin Mary, which survived the great fire of 1731 and also serves as a place of pilgrimage.

Essay --

This project aims to demonstrate how multi-disciplinary coordination use in BIM can benefit the AEC (Architecture, engineer & Construction) industry. It focuses on BIM applications for effective design analysis, productive design and coordination. BIM offers most advantages early during the design stage. Design validation co-ordination and scheduling are some of early tasks in reflection. By using the data information from the design stage 3D BIM or by generating a new BIM clay sculpture based on 2D design intent and specification documents, the team can start early in validating design intent constructability by performing clash detections, 3D coordination and visualization of different discipline, and by 4D modelling or construction sequencing simulation. This early task in construction is both beneficial for early construction mean and also during the construction proper stage itself.This report is to show the qualities of BIM and the influence it will have on the quantity sur veying profession, through the opportunities and barriers that it brings forth, and the changes to be make and measures to be taken by quantity surveyors, in order to successfully incorporate BIM into the quantity surveying profession. 2.INTRODUCTIONThis assignment showcases the common set of BIM processes from the mental hospital of a conceptual design to tender stage. The key intention of the project assignment was set to illustrate the benefits in the Design & Planning phases of a typical construction development, with the implementation of BIM technologies and processes.The deliverable of this report is to highlight the benefits in the proper implementation of BIM into the early stages of a building lifecycle2.1. Project BackgroundProject L... ...onstruction.4D fashion model is a modern approach to design and management of the building construction process. It allows effective utilization of critical resources such as labour, materials and time during the building constructi on life cycle. Construction projects are scheduled according to the availability of resources and depend on many external factors. As time progresses these parameters also change and thereof it is important to keep a check on important activities to finish the project without any significant delays. The popular 3D building information model does not help in establishing the relationship between the schedule and sequence of construction activities to be carried out during the project execution. A 4D model incorporates time as the added 4th dimension and hence improves the quality and accuracy of the entire building life cycle management.

Biography of Myra Belle Starr :: Myra Belle Starr Biographies Essays

Biography of Myra Belle Starr Myra Belle Starr was born in 1848 in the little town of Carthage, Missouri. Myra Belle Shirley later became Belle Starr. She was also one of the three children. When Belle Starrs older fellow died her family moved right outside of Dallas to a little town known as Scyene, Texas.Years later on the 1860s Belle became involved with a assert robber colewort Younger he robbed several banks and was hiding from the justness. Cole stayed with Belle for a few months until the coast was clear. A few months later after everything was settled, and Cole had gone, Belle Starr gave birth to a beautiful sis girl, named Belle Starr.After Cole and left-hand(a) her she fell in love with another bank and train robber, named Jim Reed. With Jim, Belle Starr became a confederacy member. The gang members put on a special marriage ceremony for Jim and Belle. After two years Jim was still being chased by the law and moved Belle and Pearl to California, she had another b aby named Edward Reed. Starr and two of Reeds friends robbed a local prospector. In August of 1874 Sheriff John T. Morris who lived in Collin County, Texas, shot and killed Jim Reed. Belle Starr left her two kids with her family members. Belles next heartthrob was a Creek Indian outlaw who was known as Jim July. Starr became a Grandmother in 1887, Pearl Younger refused to identif7 the babys father, and so then Belle refused to have to child around. After riding part of the way to Fort Smith with Jim July on Feb. 3,1889. Starr turned to go prickle home but never made it. Pearl found her Moms saddle horse in the yard without her Mom. The neighbor found Belle confront down on the muddy rode, DEAD. Belle Starr was shot with her shotgun in her back. The gunman shot her off of her horse. After the men were shoveling dirt on her grave, Jim July took a drop dead and pointed it at the neighbor and yelled, You murdered my wife But didnt shoot. At the hearing of whether Watson was held for murder, after all he was not guilty.

Biography of Myra Belle Starr :: Myra Belle Starr Biographies Essays

Biography of Myra Belle Starr Myra Belle Starr was born in 1848 in the little town of Carthage, Missouri. Myra Belle Shirley later became Belle Starr. She was also one of the three children. When Belle Starrs older sidekick died her family moved right outside of Dallas to a little town known as Scyene, Texas.Years later on the 1860s Belle became involved with a coin bank robber clams Younger he robbed several banks and was hiding from the truth. Cole stayed with Belle for a few months until the coast was clear. A few months later after everything was settled, and Cole had gone, Belle Starr gave birth to a beautiful bungle girl, named Belle Starr.After Cole and go away her she fell in love with another bank and train robber, named Jim Reed. With Jim, Belle Starr became a breast pack member. The gang members put on a special marriage ceremony for Jim and Belle. After two years Jim was still being chased by the law and moved Belle and Pearl to California, she had another baby named Edward Reed. Starr and two of Reeds friends robbed a local prospector. In August of 1874 Sheriff John T. Morris who lived in Collin County, Texas, shot and killed Jim Reed. Belle Starr left her two kids with her family members. Belles next heartthrob was a Creek Indian outlaw who was known as Jim July. Starr became a Grandmother in 1887, Pearl Younger refused to identif7 the babys father, and so then Belle refused to have to child around. After riding part of the way to Fort Smith with Jim July on Feb. 3,1889. Starr turned to go bear out home but never made it. Pearl found her Moms saddle horse in the yard without her Mom. The neighbor found Belle face down on the muddy rode, DEAD. Belle Starr was shot with her shotgun in her back. The gunman shot her off of her horse. After the men were shoveling dirt on her grave, Jim July took a cash in ones chips and pointed it at the neighbor and yelled, You murdered my wife But didnt shoot. At the hearing of whether Watson was held f or murder, after all he was not guilty.

Assignment Organizational Behavior Essay

Situational Leadership provides a simple and logical framework with quaternary basic finish-making styles authoritative, consultative, facilitative, and delegative. Briefly describe these styles and describe when they are appropriate to use. Our text states that authoritative decision-making style, applies in situations where the manager has the necessary experience and knowledge to reach a conclusion and followers do not possess the ability, willingness, or confidence to help (p. 295).This would be appropriate when you are the only source of information or expertise. According to p. 296 of our textbook, consultative decision-making styles are a valuable strategy when the manager recognizes that the followers also possess some experience or knowledge of the undetermined and are willing but not yet able to help. This style is appropriate when there is more time to make a decision on important issues and requires input from people who can be directly impacted by those decisions. Facilitative decision-making, as stated on p. 96 of our textbook as well, is a cooperative effort in which manager and followers work together to reach a shared decisions.This approach would be profitable when dealing with an able, but not confident follower. Delegative decision making, covered on p. 297 of our textbook, is used when follower high in readiness who have the experience and information needed to make the proper decision or recommendation. This style is appropriate when the manager can look forward to a high take aim of performance by saying, You know this subject. Work on it and let me know what you come up with (p. 297).

New Product Development and Nestle

INTRODUCTION Nestle is a connection that is operating in food and beverage market. In the last decade hold tight is a leading nutrition and health wad that promise a safe and high woodland product to its customers. The high society illustrates a signifi bottomt profit ratio and therefore approach become a role model for those companies that want to be successful. As a emergence this report is illustrating why and how nuzzle be possessed of achieved a spiffing achievement VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OPERATION First of all the company have a operation in all around the world which means that they achieve an economy of scale.Apart from this minor information in terms of product go the company argon currently developing a products that atomic number 18 requiring a similar tangible and intangible resources. As a outlet they be exchanging achievement equipment and workers between factories. So we stool easily set up that snuggle be overly achieving an economy of scope. In sup plement to this, capacity are be employ by the department. Apart from those economic terms their labor are being highly trained and therefore they are highly specialized about what they are doing which besides resulting in an another efficiency at the operational activities.Moreover the department are frequently lodgeing its latest technologies that is reducing labor input and increasing its mechanisation and mechanism of operations. until now come near brand express a quality and safety products to its customers. So its clear that the company company are not reducing its cost by buying a low quality raw materials and this means that they have integrated differentiation and low cost leadership strategy. We can easily decide that this department are producing output much more efficiently than its competitors. MARKETING AND SALESThe company is heavily investing on explore and development. For compositors case according to resources they invest 1. 5 mil king of beasts on th is department every course of instruction. For example they employ more than 3 500 people and those employees are highly motivated labors that is helping nestle to adapt its dynamic and fast changing environment. In other words labors have a huge contribution to nestle to provide a new products quickly to its market. For example the employees latest innovation is pleelable ice cream which is a product that has a rich creamy smacking of a regular ice cream.However it also contains a low fat in comparison to other brands . In addition to this the department have also invented a interesting flavors to this ice cream. Apart from this their research team have also found a actobacillas that contains a oriobitic agent which is improving human forms immune system. As a result they are trying to inject actobacillas to their yogurt brand . employees also reported that actobillac is not changing the food grain of yogurt. As a result those examples clearly illustrates that how well the com pany is adapting to its socio cultural environment.As tidd and bessant illustrates the importance of product innovation by stating that(2009 p6)new product development is an weighty capability because the environment is constantly changing. Shift in the socioeconomic report create opportunities and constraints . Legislation may open up new path steerings or conterminous down others for example, increasing the requirements for environmentally friendly products. Competitors may introduce new product which represent a major threat to actual market positions. In all these ways firms need the capability to respond through product innovation.Apart from innovation capabilities the company employee are also illustrating an effectual performance in the international market. For example they are spending three days with the people that are living in the country that the corporation are planning to snitch an investment for this reason they are understanding their purchasing habits and mo tivations and therefore they are developing a product that is appealing to its people. In addition to this employees are also monitoring how consumers consider their brands in other words they are investigating if consumers are recognizing the apprises that the corporation is trying to convey.So we can easily desist that research department is one of the main factor that nestle is being successful in the market. INBOUND AND OUTBOUND LOGISTIC The most striking feature of inbound and outbound logistic are that the company does not use middle firm to its warehousing and distributing its products. Nestle international partner have their own diffusion centres and warehouses in other words they are kind of integrated forwardly. In that way they are ensuring that all frozen products are remain quality to its retailers.As a result of this the inbound and outbound chains are running efficiently and therefore its not increasing its cost. Apart from this nestle also provide a special equi pment for some of its products to its retailers. For example all retailers have a special freezers for nestle ice creams the reason that they are providing this equipment cause nestle want to also ensure that products are remaining quality and undamaged to its customers. So we can easily concluded that the corporation are really effective to keep products quality while transiting to its retailers and also to its customers.PROCEREMENT The corporation promises high quality product to its customers and therefore supplying a quality materials are important. They dont use vertical integration strategy instead they have a long term perfect relationships with its suppliers. In other words supplier advocator is not bullocky which means that they are all succession providing a high quality materials at a reasonable price. In addition this farmers whom are supplying raw materials to the company are being supported by nestle research department.The company researchers and scientists are wor king together with its suppliers. For example the department are helping farmers to implement their findings to the raw materials and as a result nestle is supplying all time quality products. Apart from increasing quality of raw materials nestle is also supporting sustainability in the supply of raw materials for example. The company has a more than 500 hundred agromist technical advisor and field technicians that are providing a assistance to its farmers.Above all the company has a power to acquire its suppliers and clearly it requires a significant investment which also increases the exist barriers of industry. However by being a close and excellent relationship with its farmers they are ensuring the quality of raw materials. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT HRM employees are frequently measures the employees performance and this measurement is resulting in an rewards. In addition to this they are providing an effective training programs to its employees. As a result human resource depa rtment are being unsure that they are attracting top employees in the industry.For this reason they are adapting to new environment conditions and the firm innovating new products faster than its competitors. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Needless to say that nestle are using the latest technologies in all value chain activities. But most striking feature of the technological analysis is that nestle are using its latest technology in order to study and adapt to fast changing billet environment. So we can easily conclude that they are investing and closely monitoring the technological and its wider environment frequently.NESTLE BUSINESS AND CORPORATE LEVEL STRATEGIES Clearly corporations general growth strategies are divided in to two categories which are concentrating on the existing industry and diversification. CONCENTRATION The company was being considered as a technology led corporation however changing social and cultural environment lead them to become a science driven nutrition health and wellness company. At the min the market is dominated by extremely large companies so nestle can not drive out competition by using its vulturous promotional and pricing strategy.Instead they are using other market penetration strategies suchas effective advertising methods and special promotions. However the most striking feature of the strategy in the existing market is that innovation. For example they are frequently working on scientific innovations to make their current products more healthier and contains low fat. As it mentioned in value chain analysis tasty low fat ice cream is an perfect example about how company is concentrating on the existing industry by innovating its existing products.As a result of those kind of actions they are selling more things to same people but at the same time they also are targeting and attracting its new people. Apart from combining market development and product development strategy in the anosoff matrix tool European and America n food industry are illustrates a strong threat of entry and there are a lot of substitute of products which is resulting in a strong buyer power. As a result nestle have perceived this market as a flat and highly competitive and therefore they are setting is sighs on new markets in order to enhance their profitability.In other words they are investing highly on emerging markets for example eastern Europe asia and latin America that have a perfect potential to improve their profit ratios with their current products. However the most striking feature of the nestle international strategy is that Nestle are entering those markets through the takeovers and joint venture. This means that they are benefiting from local managers knowledge about culture language pestel and business systems and this clearly resulting in a faster adaptation to its environmental change.Moreover they are also taking over the companies that they have a perfect background. According to resources the company is i nvestigating the local companies carefully and they are picking the firm that have a perfect reputation in that way the company is ensuring that it is not negatively charged the nestle image. So its clear that they are using locally sourced raw materials and this means that they are facilitating their factories in those nations that they are selling its products to its customers As a result they are aiming of creating a share value to its all stakeholders.The reason that they are creating a shared value for all shareholders that they are because The company found that creating a long term value for the countries in which they are marketing its products are helping them to making a more profit. So we can easily conclude that the company are highly concentrate on their existing products and in term of its international strategy nestle are using right way to be successful. RELATED DIVERSIFICATION Nestle have been increasing the variety in the distinctive products that they are offerin g.In other words they are using its associate and unrelated diversification strategies. However the company is mainly using its related diversification. For instance. The company has a well known existing brands such as kitkat lion nesquick and nestea and as a result of this the company are using this existed well positioned brands in the other sectors. for example kitkat is a chocolate but last year nestle create a kitkat ice cream(or nestle creal and crealbars) and in that way they are not creating new brands in order to extent their products and this clearly creates some benefits.The most striking feature of the benefit is that nestle is achieving an incredible cost saving in terms of building a brand . In addition to this they are also operating within the existing operation capabilities which means that they are exploiting an economies of scope For example they are sharing technologies employees and even advertising campaigns between different businesses units. As bymike w. p eng illustrates the benefits of related diversification by stated that(2009,p315)firms benefit from declining unit costs by leveraging product relatedness.The sources of operational synergy can be technologies(such as common platforms)marketing(such as common brands) and manufacturing(such as common logistics). As a result of this strategy clearly they are achieving a superior performance in the market because of the fact that related diversification strategy is considerably helping them to integrate its differentiation and low cost leadership strategy. polish Above all nestle is operating in the highly competitive market.In addition to this other environmental factors are also changing fastly. However nestle is a company that is using its highest technology as well as employing top employees in the environment. For this reason they have a perfect ability to adapt to its environmental change. For example the company have an outstanding research and development department. Apart fro m this success criteria the corporation is also significantly reducing its cost by using its effective operational strategies and its related diversification.So we can easily conclude that nestle has achieved an superior performance because they have a perfect ability to present interms of its operation product service and its businesses processes as well as they have a right strategy in the international markets. ( e. q creating a share value and entry methods) REFERENCE LIST MANAGING INNOVATION JOE TIDD AND JOHN BESSANT 4TH EDITION JOHN WILER AND SONS,LTD Global strategic management mike w. peng second edition southwestern western cengage learning

Investigation of Sorrel in Epping Forest

AimThe purpose of this coursework was to investigate the impact visitors have had on the growth of dock on Pillow Mound in Epping lumber and to find proscribed whether discoloration capsule has an effect on the eyeshade of the set out dockage.Hypothesisthither will be a signifi set upt difference in the height of common wharf if disgrace compressing is great. The greater the crack puppy love is, the more it restricts oxalis growth.Null HypothesisRead thisRespiratory ActivityThere is no signifi trickt correlation betwixt reason compaction and the height of the wharf limit, either correlation implanted is due to chance.Scientific knowledgeThe kingdom has fewer spaces that contain air and urine undeniable for plant growth, is less permeable, rout out submit less demesne water and is harder for roots to penetrate. In their virgin state, dents can be productive and characterised by excellent physical condition. They allow rapid proceeding of air and water thro ugh and through the estate, providing an ideal environment for maximum root growth. However, soils ar fragile and easily restructured, especially during cropping. Compaction is an example of this restructuring. If compacted badly enough, a soil does not provide adequate space for root growth and soil animal activity, or allow for rapid live onment of air and water. In severe cases, roots argon unable to penetrate into deeper soil layers, 10ding to grow along the top of the pan.The best way for water and air to get through the soil is in large pores created by decaying plant roots or soil insects and earthworms this creates a humus layer on the top of the soil which has many nutrients the roselle can construct up. The eventual death and decay of these organisms adds to the humus layer have got the soil more favourable to roselle plant roots allowing the plant to grow and flower. Water plays a major role in plant growth. Plants synthesise carbohydrates from Carbon Dioxide a nd Water. Water donates + ions to the cell, which are later on utilise in pathways to generate naught in the tenor of ATP. In non-cyclic phosphorylation water molecules are split to provide reducing power to make carbohydrates.Water is to a fault an important transport medium delivering dissolved minerals that are essential for plant growth to all parts of the plant via the xylem. Water is a product in aerobic respiration. Respiration is the process of metabolizing (burning) sugars to yield energy for growth, reproduction, and other life processes. In a plentiful supply of air glucose and oxygen combine to form water and carbon dioxide and most vitally energy in the form of ATP. Water also maintains the turgor pressure in giving the non-woody plant parts form. turgidness is important so the plant can remain stiff and upright and take in a competitive advantage when it comes to ignition. Turgidity is also important for the performance of the guard cells, which surround the st omata and regulate water loss and carbon dioxide uptake. Turgidity also is the force that pushes roots through the soil.VariablesIndependentSoil compaction tried and true every 3m for 28 m along 4 banknote transects to see how soil compaction equals plant growth. Soil compaction interrogatoryed with use of penetrotime. openHeight of the plant sorrel on individually business sector transect created every 3m up to 28m at the situation Pillow Mound in Epping Forest. Sorrel height tested development a formula and the sorrel adjacent to the parentage transect was used.Control VariablesThe variables that remain unchanged or held constant to prevent its effects on the outcome and on that pointfore may verify the behaviour of and the relationship surrounded by independent and dependent variables. The variables tested for in my investigation must(prenominal) be the aforesaid(prenominal) in order for me to establish a real correlation between soil compaction and the height of the sorrel plant.Light IntensityLight energy (sun swingy) is the primary source of energy in nearly all ecosystems. It is the energy that is used by green plants (which contain chlorophyll) during the process of photosynthesis a process during which plants do organic substances by combining inorganic substances. Visible light is of the greatest importance to plants because it is necessary for photosynthesis. Factors such as quality of light, intensity of light and the length of the light period (day length) play an important part in an ecosystem. Light directly or indirectly affects the life activities. For the photosynthetic activity of green plants light is essential. Growth, germination, flowering and other functions of plant are controlled by photoperiodism and different light rays. The higher the light intensity, the larger the height of the plant of sorrel. A light meter was used to gather light intensity readings. It gives an accurate lux value. The detector is placed facin g upwards and a value s given. For each path transect light intensity has to be very similar to ensure our variables remain the same so we gather reliable data. I set out each transect outside(a) from trees which created shadows and so this ensured that light intensity remained constant throughout each caudex transect.pH of SoilThe pH train of the surrounding soil can have extreme results on the growth rate and everywhereall health of a plant. The pH is technically defined as the ostracise base ten logarithm of the effective hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per litre. It is beatnikd on a scale of 1-14, with each reading being shown as an acid, base, or a neutral solution. If the cadencement is less than 7, it is considered an acid. The plant sorrel grows best in the acidic pH conditions of 5.5 6.8. The pH of the soil for each line transect created must be the same for the whole 28 m length tested for each. Variation in my pH results limits the validity of my d ata as it influences the height of sorrel. pH influences avairesearch laboratoryility of certain nutrients such as phosphate availability which is low on acid soils. Soil samples are taken from each transect at 1m 13m and 28m. sustain in the laboratory barium sulphate and indicator solution are added to the samples and ph is worked out.Soil TemperatureSoil temperature plays an important role in many processes, which take place in the soil such as chemical reactions and biological interactions. Soil temperature varies in response to exchange processes that take place primarily through the soil surface. These effects are propagated into the soil profile by transport processes and are influenced by such things as the specific heat capa urban center, thermal conduction and thermal diffusivity. Soil temperature affects water and nutrient uptake. Biological enzymes work best at certain temperatures, if enzyme optimum temperature is exceeded or not reached this could limit the rate to w hich the enzyme is on the job(p) limiting the growth and in turn the height of the plant sorrel.Soil temperature has a major effect on the breakdown or decomposition of soil organic matter. This organic comp unmatchablent of the soil system is a major reservoir for phosphorus, sulphur, and nitrogen. Approximately 90% of the total amount of sulphur in soil is found in the organic matter. So, if decomposition is slowed, the ready availability of some nutrients necessary for crop growth can be restricted early in the growing season restricting plant growth. Soil temperature (C) readings are to be taken with the use of a soil thermometer and and then recorded on a table.Preliminary InvestigationA day before my data collection, I vi stationd downright Mounds and collected some preliminary data. My preliminary data was carried out to foster me find the sites that should be tested and the distance of each line transect. Initially before preliminary data a 37m line transect was chosen, however, once I go through the site a 28 m distance was most appropriate as there is no significant variation after the 28m in sorrel height therefore it would be pointless and time consuming to nurse it over a larger distance.Preliminary Investigation Method1. A line transect created over a distance of 28m.2. Tape measure placed flat along the ground vertically. Stretch tape to height 28m in a dependable line along site investigated.3. Data readings for soil temperature, light intensity, soil pH, soil compression and sorrel height at 1m, 13m and 28m.4. Soil compaction measurements taken using a penetrometer My readings were taken 1cm at a 90 angle at each interval to the left of the line transect. The scale was set to 0 by moving the ring to the handle, the spike was then pushed vertically into the ground until the indention is level with the surface of the soil. The handle was released and then the results were read out the scale on the side of the penetrometer.5. The soil thermometer was placed at a 90 angle 2 cm away to the left of the line transect at every interval.6. commit a 1m long ruler across the line transect at a 90 angle this way I can work out which sorrel plant is closest to the line transect. Once this was worked out, a 30cm ruler was used to measure the sorrel height in its natural position.7. Light meter measures the light intensity. Place the sensor at a 90 angle next to line transect where the sorrel plant is growing. Value in lux read off the scale.8. Use auger to gain 10cm sample at the 3 intervals. Twist auger in a clockwise direction whilst pushing down the soil sample taken must be then placed into soil bags and taken to the lab for pass on testing of pH.9. Record data on pre lively table.10. In lab to work out pH of soil11. 1cm of each soil sample was placed into separate test tubes. 1cm of distilled water was added to each test tube. After distilled water added, 1cm Barium Sulphate was added to each test tube. Finally indi cator was added to each test tube and pH was tested and found out by comparing to a pH scale.A systematic stratified approach was decided as my ideal sampling technique. Systematic sampling is when samples are taken at fixed intervals, usually along a line. This normally involves doing transects, where a sampling line is set up across areas where there are clear environmental gradients. Systematic sampling is my chosen method of sampling for my investigation as I am investigating the changes of plant species as you move along a gradient. Stratified sampling was used as we were comparing 4 different subdivisions within Plain Mounds. Systematic Stratified is the combination of these 2 sampling techniques its my preferred sampling technique as it evacuates bias and for each sample collected the same approach is followed. this now seemed unnecessary due to bantam variation after 28m. The start point of the line transect was set to where variation in ground begins.ApparatusPenetrometer Measures the compaction of the soil.Measures in Kg/cm naive and easy to use.Data can be gathered very quickly.Light MeterUsed to measured light intensity every 3 metres along each line transect for 28 m.Measured in LuxGives an accurate Lux value, instrument easy to use and data can be gathered easilyAugerBarium SulphateSoil bagsTest tubeSpatulapH scaleAuger used to get 3 soil samples one sample at 1m the others at 13m and 28m. Soil sample needed so pH of soil could be identified once barium sulphate distilled water and indicator were added to each sample. Sample placed in soil bags.Soil sample placed in individual test tube using spatula and barium sulphate and indicator solution added.A soil pH meter would have been convenience wise much easier to achieve the data, however, adding the barium sulphate to the soil samples taken has ensured my data reliability.Primary data as I have gathered my results here without help of an instrument.Tape measureUsed to create line transect. Line t ransect 28m long.28m length chosen as after the 28m there is no change in variation of sorrel height, therefore anything more than a line transect of over 28m is irrelevantSoil ThermometerUsed to measure soil temperature (C)Easy and quick. A mercury thermometer effectively. An electronic instrument could be more reliable as human error wont come into it in reading the results30 cm rulerUsed to measure sorrel heightEasy and simple to measure plant height1m rulerUsed every 3m to go at a 90 angle across every 3m to find the closest sorrel plant to the line transect30cm in some cases not long enough, however 1m long ruler the right sizeMethod1. Create a line transect, open up tape measure up to 28m.2. Place tape measure flat along the ground vertically. Stretch tape measure to cover 28m in straight line along site that we are investigating.3. Take data readings for soil temperature, light intensity, soil compression and sorrel height at 1m, 4m, 7m, 10m, 13m, 16m, 19m, 22m, 25m, and 28m. 4. Soil compaction measurements taken using a penetrometer which measures the force needed to push the spike into the ground. My readings were taken 1cm at a 90 angle at each interval to the left of the line transect. The scale was set to 0 by moving the ring to the handle, the spike was then pushed vertically into the ground until the indention is level with the surface of the soil. The handle was released and then the results were read off the scale on the side of the penetrometer.5. The soil thermometer was placed at a 90 angle 2 cm away to the left of the line transect at every interval.6. Along the line transect at each interval a metre long ruler is placed across the line transect at a 90 angle this way I can work out which sorrel plant is closest to the line transect. Once this was worked out, a 30cm ruler was used to measure the sorrel height in its natural position.7. Light meter measures the light intensity. Place the sensor at a 90 angle next to line transect where the so rrel plant is growing. Value in lux read off the scale. Move away from sensor so your shadow doesnt affect lux value.8. Take soil samples at 1m, 13m and 28m to calculate soil pH. Use auger to gain 10cm sample at the 3 intervals. Twist auger in a clockwise direction whilst pushing down the soil sample taken must be then placed into soil bags and taken to the lab for further testing of pH.9. Record data on pre prepared table.10. In lab to work out pH of soil* 1cm of each soil sample was placed into separate test tubes. 1cm of distilled water was added to each test tube. After distilled water added, 1cm Barium Sulphate was added to each test tube. Finally indicator was added to each test tube and pH was tested and found out by comparing to a pH scale. 3pH readings gained at each of the 4 sites.11. Repeat the steps for the 4 subdivisions within Pillow Mound.Risk AssessmentRisk is the probability of harm actually taking place. A hazard exists where situation has a built-in ability to cau se an adverse effect. At the site Pillow Mound in Epping Forest, a few risks were associated with my investigation.1. 8 pieces of equipment needed to be carried with me to the site to help with this and limit the risk of me tripping up with all the equipment in my hand, a tray was used to place all the equipment needed for the investigation.2. The sites surface was very uneven at all the areas that were tested within plain mounds. To control the hazard I had no other option entirely to take my time with walking across the field. Taking my time and making sure I was looking where I was stepping ensured this hazard was avoided.3. Slippery surfaces and deep nebulose areas were also an issue to avoid this specific hazard wellington boots were worn. Strong boots may prevent twisting of ankle.4. Gathering pH samples with the auger meant there was a risk of causing injury to my wrists, to help with the turning of the into the ground another auger was placed in the top of the one in the g round making it easier to rotate the auger by creating a handle.5. When testing soil pH samples, gloves had to be worn to avoid contact with the barium sulphate. Safety goggles and lab coats also used to protect the eyes and the skin.6. After the soil pH has been tested the remaining soil is then placed into a compost bin. abridgmentThe scatter graph shown in figure 1.1 shows how soil compression affected the growth of sorrel. The data inputted into this graph was averages of the data collected for soil compression (Kg) and sorrel height (cm) from the 4 subdivisions investigated and tested at Pillow Mound.The graph shows a clear shun correlation between soil compression and sorrel height. As soil compression adds it is evident that sorrel height decreases. The largest sorrel growth on average was 0.0975 cm and this was with a soil compression of 1.575 kg, my lowest sorrel growth recorded from my results was 0.0011cm with a soil compression of 3.6 kg.As sorrel height isnt constantl y decreasing with increasing soil compaction it was appropriate to further my understanding and calculate how strong the relationship between my independent variable, soil compaction and dependent variable sorrel height was. This would also help me establish whether the data was causational or correlational.Spearmans position correlation coefficient is a non-parametric measure of statistical dependence between two variables. It assesses how well the relationship between two variables can be described. It makes no assumption about data distribution. The value for rs is between +1 and -1, where +1 indicates a strong positive correlation, -1 indicates a strong negative correlation and 0 indicates no correlation at all. The data gathered at all 4 sites indicates a strong negative correlation between soil compression and the height of sorrel. The rs value gathered for my averages was -0.89 and this is greater than the critical value for 10 data sets at the 99% significance level. Theref ore we can be 99% sure that soil compression restricts sorrel height and I can subsequently reject my null hypothesis establishing that causational relationship between the 2 variables is present.ConclusionThe purpose of this coursework was to find out about the impact which visitors have had on Epping Forest and how the subsequent soil compaction affects sorrel growth. Epping Forest has recreational, aesthetic and educational values, so is a perfect place for visitors. Considerable damage has probably been caused to the environment due to the large number of visitors. Soil compaction at Pillow Mound was relatively high probably due to human interference. Figure 1.0 showing the averages shows us that at 1m, the mean soil compression was 4.175 Kg whilst at 28m the mean soil compression was 1.575 Kg. Figure 0.9 also shows that at 1m at Site 4 soil compression exceeded 4.5 Kg.Management of the site is being introduced with the building of car parks, an information centre, and even a di tch next to the car park to stop the cars getting onto the grass. Epping Forest is one of a number of open spaces around London owned and managed by the City of London as part of its commitment to sustaining a world class city and for the conservation of wildlife and historic landscape.The investigation of how soil compaction affects the height of the plant Sorrel was gratifying as a correlation between soil compaction and Sorrel growth was determined. A slight flaw which may have had an impact on my results was the fact average light intensity increased more or less with increasing distance along the tape measure. At 1m light intensity was at 1894.25 Lux, at 28m this had increased to 1900.25 Lux with the Lux value fluctuating over the 28m distance. Although the differences in light intensities are little, my results are limited slightly as light intensity affects plant growth. The higher the light intensity the higher the plant growth. Light plays a major role in photosynthesis wh ich is a 2 floor process involving the light dependent stage and light independent stage which could continue in the dark. When a photon of light hits a chlorophyll molecule the energy is transferred to the electrons of that molecule. The electrons are excited and brocaded to higher energy levels.If an electron is raised sufficiently it is picked up by an electron acceptor and results into ATP production via cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation. ATP is formed supplying the energy needed for synthesis of carbohydrates and the electron is passed along Electron Transport Chain (ETC). The differences in Lux are relatively minuscule along the line transects and so it is not sufficient enough to make my results invalid. Data collection was carried out in the morning before the sun had fully risen, as time passed and data was collected at each interval the sun carried on rising thus explaining the small differences in light intensity. In hindsight data collection should have happened at each interval at each of the 4 sites simultaneously, however, this was not viable as there were not enough people available to assist with data collection.My hypothesis that the greater the soil compaction, the lower the height of the Sorrel plant, has proved to be correct. This is due to the fact that soil compaction doesnt provide adequate space for the roots of the sorrel plant, which subsequently means that the plant cannot get enough nutrients, water and minerals from the soil which are needed for optimum growth. By using Spearmans rank correlation coefficient this was worked out and we are 99% certain that a negative correlation exists between the 2 variables. 4 different sites were tested at Pillow Mound in Epping Forest, and my Spearmans rank correlations for each site indicated a strong negative correlation. To back up my hypothesis even further my preliminary data indicate a negative correlation between Sorrel height and soil compaction. 10 samples were collected along eac h transect so we could get an RS value for spearmans rank that was 99% reliable and not down to chance.EvaluationMy investigation was highly edifying and although I came to the conclusion that there is a 99% chance that soil compaction affects sorrel height proving my hypothesis correct, in hindsight I would make a few crucial amendments to my method and investigation so next time I carry out the investigation I will have an even higher level of confidence in my results.The 4 subdivisions at Pillow Mound were investigated to gain a general overview of the site. By testing one site, we are limiting our data as our results may only be conclusive for that part of Plain mounds.When collecting data light intensity values varied as the values could not be all taken at the same time. To avoid this more people could help with the fieldwork and we could simultaneously gain figures for light intensity at the same time. To do this more light meters would have to be provided. date constraints w ere also a major issue. We were given around 3 hours to collect our fieldwork from 4 different sub divisions within Pillow Mound. Without time constraints there would be less pressure to complete the fieldwork within a specific time leaving us enough time to gather data with each instrument.ideally a longitudinal study would be most ideal as the patterns established from the data was from only 1 day in the whole schedule year. Throughout the year, sorrel height will vary. The day my data was collected may not depict an average day in Epping Forest and so my data is invalid. A longitudinal study is ideal so we can collect data over the year and see how sorrel height varies. To increase data reliability we could collect data for soil compaction and sorrel height every 3 months at the same 4 subdivisions and see if there is any significant correlation.The weather would also have an effect on sorrel height if it rains soil will be more compact and soil infiltration would not occur as r apidly. This in turn could affect seed germination as roots cannot penetrate lower soil layers. I expect plant height to be higher in the spring as spring provides optimum temperatures for seed germination, aswell as the fact that it doesnt rain as much during spring as it does winter, so soil will not become drenched allowing the roots to penetrate the soil greater and greater foundations allows a better uptake of minerals and greater sorrel growth.The most helpful modification would be to carry out this investigation on a different site within Epping Forest this could show a clear contrast to how sorrel height varies with soil compaction. The data gathered in this study could only be relevant for Pillow Mound, so broadening our study to more than 1 site could further enhance data validity and reliability. Further investigations possibly using 2 paths at each subdivision could further validate data.As a pH probe was not available at the field centre, to measure pH of the soil we ha d to add a spatula full of barium sulphate as well as 1cm of distilled water to 1 cm of each soil sample in separate test tubes. The amount of barium sulphate added or the amount of soil sample added to each test tube would affect pH and so our pH values could vary due to human error and the variable wasnt of constant of using the same formula each time. A pH probe would eliminate human error and the same procedure could have been kept throughout and been kept constant.

Calcutta University Essay

It is a great pleasure for one(a) who engages oneself in writing a preface of this nature relating to a portentous cause cause of spreading education in a region suffering from m either shortcomings in the field of higher education. conglutination Bengal as a region is full of rich social schemes with diversified cultural heritage and only through and through proper educational facilities can these sociocultural diversities be do known to separate t completelyyts of this country. With this definite purpose in view, our University started im take aparting higher education through the infinite Education way a mode hitherto unpractised and untested.As the seat for higher learning in this vast region, is well aw be of its social commitment commitment to reach every(prenominal) nook and corner with the lamp of education. We believe and it is admitted that Universities and other Educational Institution should play the role of a catalyst for social change which is a further dep endent on large scale participation of the young people in the policy weeulation process, may be directly or indirectly. In fact, with this end in view, the University decided and decided rightly, to open the door of higher education to the lakhs of young but aspiring people in this region.It is really heartening to note that the result the University has received and is receiving is simply overwhelming. It shows that the decision of offering education through outdo Education mode is not only justified but likewise relevant. remoteness Education programme which is being carried through the Directorate of surmount Education, University of no(prenominal)th Bengal cannot be successful without the support and cooperation from all sections of the population. Such an enterprise by University runs on a reciprocal basis a reciprocity which can build a solid foundation in this respect.The University should be considered as a rallying point around which all the education loving people of different cross section of the society should come closer. The enterprise is loaded with ambition the conceit of making a brighter tomorrow. What is needed is the screening of collective wisdom and in this respect, our region does not, in both way, lag behind. Sincere effort and dedication allow for ultimately win. Prof. Pradip Kumar Sengupta Director 5 6 TH E C O LLEG E STU D Y C EN TR ES Balurghat College length Education Centre P. O. Balurghat, Dt.Dakshin Dinajpur, PIN 733 hundred and one Co-ordinator Shri Purushottam Haldar, Department Of Chemistry Phone (03522) 255392 (O)/ 257521 (R) Jalpaiguri A. C. College Distance Education Centre P. O. & Dt. Jalpaiguri, PIN 735 101 Co-ordinator Dr. Dhiraj Kumar Basak, Reader in physical science Phone (03561) 255554 (O), 255861 (R) Kurseong College Distance Education Centre P. O. Kurseong, Dt. Darjeeling, PIN 734 203 Co-ordinator Sri Rohit Sharma, Senior Lecturer in Commerce Phone (0354)2344223(O), 2330196 (R).Malda College Distance Education Centre P.O. & Dt. Malda, PIN 732 101 Co-ordinator Md. Jafrullah, Selection Grade Lecturer in Accountancy Phone (03512) 220807 (O), 250175 (R) Raiganj College (University College) Distance Education Centre P. O. Raiganj, Dt. Uttar Dinajpur, PIN 733 134 Co-ordinator Dr. Chinmoy Basu, Reader in Physics Phone (03523) 252564 (O), 253733 (R) Siliguri College Distance Education Centre P. O. Siliguri, Dt. Darjeeling, PIN 734 401 Co-ordinator Prof. Mrinal Kanti Ghosh, Reader in Physics Phone (0353) 2436590 (O), 2512770 (R) University B.T. & Evening College Distance Education Centre P. O. & Dt. Cooch Behar, PIN 736 101 Co-ordinator Sri Aniruddha Burmon, Lecturer in English Phone (03582) 222714 (O), 226729 (R) Dambar Singh Degree College, Gangtok, Sikkim Sri Suresh Chettri, Lecturer in -charge Phone- (03592) 281743 7 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL The University of North Bengal was established by an Act of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in November 1962 and affiliated to the University Grants Commission below section 2(f) & 12(B).It was assigned the mandate during the melt of its establishment of providing teaching, training and research in various branches of advance(a) learning and promoting the dispersal of knowledge to fulfill growing socioeconomic and technical manpower needs in the six northern districts of West Bengal known as North Bengal and the neighbouring soil of Sikkim. The campus occupies an atomic number 18a of about 330 acres, 9 km outside Siliguri Town, the gate way of North East India and Bagdogra Airport, the only Air Port in North Bengal in the Terai region of Darjeeling district.The University Act was revised under(a) West Bengal Act of XXV of 1981 and it came into force with effect from September 16, 1981. The University has played a pioneering role since inception in spreading higher education and inculcating scientific attitudes within the predominantly rural areas that comprise its vast jurisdictional t erritory. Well over 36,000 undergraduate students and over 1500 postgraduate students and scholars now enroll at different courses under the chassisal system of the University during any given year.Besides the territory under its immediate jurisdiction, the University also packs students and scholars from attached areas in Bihar and the North eastern states of the country, as also from SAARC countries like Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Several pioneering contributions made by researchers at the university have contributed to wider understanding of the special problems that confront the Eastern Himalayan and sub-Himalayan region and have provided practical inputs for current developmental interventions in the region.The University offers courses in various disciplines under the faculties of Arts, Commerce & Law, Science and in Medicine through its 73 Under fine-tune Colleges including Engineering, Pharmacy, Medicine, Dentistry, Management and 21 Post Graduate Departments and 12 Centres. A part from the traditional programmes, the University has played a pioneering role in launching various professional job-related courses to help students interested in acquiring special skills to enhance their learning and earning capabilities.Besides the University is also offering various courses under the Distance Education mode to cater to the needs of further education of thousands of deserving students, particularly in remote areas through its Directorate of Distance Education. 2. THE board of directors OF DISTANCE EDUCATION The Directorate of Distance Education of the University of North Bengal was established in the year two hundred0 by a decision of the Executive Council of the University. It has introduced M. A. / M. Sc. / Bridge Courses in Bengali, 8 English, Nepali, History, Political Science, Philosophy and Mathematics under the Distance Education mode.It has also introduced B. A. (General) course at the Under Graduate level under the aforementioned(prenom inal) mode. So far the Directorate has developed College memorise Centres (see section 5 for details) in any one of which a candidate can pursue outmatch learning according to his/ her convenience. 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSES The main objective of the Distance Education is to widen the base of higher education among students who do not get opportunities to avail such education in the formal sector through admission as regular students in a University. Distance Learning or teaching through Distance Education courses is now a popular mode.It is recognized as an effective method of instruction in all advanced countries of the world. In the fast developing socio-economic milieu of today, educational facilities need constant refurbishing and augmentation. It is now acknowledged by the academics of all shades that it is learning, which is important, and not the channel or the process through which one gets enrolled for education. The educational system in India has been transforming from time to time taking into consideration the socio- political needs and economic conditions of the society.Although the contribution to several(prenominal) of branches of learning by the conventional educational system cannot be underestimated, the fact remains that education through the formal mode is accessible only to a few. The distance or open educational system has become an alternative mode of imparting instruction and has been meeting the demand for education of millions of people at different levels. It is an effort not only to solve the problem of over crowding in our educational institutions but also to equip the community with tools and skills to gain professional competence.However, every system has its own limitations and similarly every branch of study can not be opened through its system. Realizing the importance of the system the University of North Bengal has opened up its gate to this system of study to selected branches of disciplines at the PostGraduate level only at the initial stage. Later on it has introduced the kindred at Under-Graduate level within the given constraints. It may be noted that the Government of West Bengal has issued Order/ Notifications to the effect that Degrees obtained through Distance Education/ equilibrium modes shall be treated on a par with those in the formal/regular modes.The University Grants Commission has also recognized this course on a par with regular courses. 4. ELIGIBILITY FOR ENROLMENT B. A. (General) Any person having passed Higher Secondary (10+2) or equivalent interrogative from any recognized Board/ Council of Higher Education are eligible for memorial provided he/she has obtained qualifying marks in each of minimum five subjects. The enrolled students shall be eligible to appear at the Part I/ II examination in the year corresponding to the regular students. A candidate securing at least 30% marks at the B. A.Part -I examination in each subject and in the aggregate 9 sh all be eligible to appear at the B. A. Part-ll examination. Elective subjects to be offered other than compulsory subjects at the B. A. (General) course are Bengali, English, Nepali, Political Science, History, Sociology, Education and Philosophy. Bridge Course Any graduate in the B. A. / B. Sc. (pass) (10+2+2 Pattern) from any recognized University is eligible for history to this course provided that anyone of the subjects mentioned below must have been studied in the graduation level as an elective subject.Subjects Bengali, English, Nepali, Political Science, History, Philosophy & Mathematics. B. A. / B. Sc. (Honours) graduates (10+2+3 design/ equivalent) who have not studied any of those subjects as an elective subject in the third year but only in previous geezerhood are also eligible for enrolment. Duration of the course is one year. A candidate securing at least 34% marks shall be eligible for enrolment at the Post-Graduate Part I on that subject under Distance Education m ode. 5.ENROLMENT SCHEDULE Candidates are required to submit the Application form for enrolment at the Directorate in the visit application form either in person or by post on with prescribed fee in cash in the University cash counter/ S. B. I. NBU Campus Branch counter or demand pen drawn in favour of the University of North Bengal on S. B. I, N. B. U. Campus Branch. Besides, candidates may also submit the Application form for enrolment along with prescribed fee through a crossed demand draft drawn in favour of the University of North Bengal payable at S. B. I, N. B. U. Campus Branch at N. B. U.Calcutta Camp parting, S-2/ 1, flat No. 1, Sector III, Block FC, Shrabani Abashan, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091 and the quest colleges Balurghat College, Malda College, Raiganj College (University College), Siliguri College, Kurseong College, Ananda Chandra College, Jalpaiguri a University B. T and Evening College, Coochbehar and Dambar Singh Degree College, Gangtok. Prescribed Applica tion shape and Prospectus will also be available in these colleges and N. B. U. Calcutta Camp authority on payment of price of application Form and Prospectus through a crossed demand draft following the procedure mentioned earlier.6. FEE anatomical structure (IN RS. ) Particulars B. A. Part -I 200 3,000 500 50 150 200 B. A. Part II 200 2,000 500 150 150 Bridge Course 200 2,500 500 50 150 200 Enro1rolment Fee Cost of Study Material Examination Fee Identity Card Centre Fee parchment Fee Registration Fee* 10 Late Fee Other Fees Examination reappearance Fee Defaulters Fee for not completing students sheets (assignment) Response nose candy 100 100 500 500 500 500 500 500 *For students other than North Bengal University. All fees shall be payable in one installment at the time of enrolment.Additional fees (if applicable) are to be paid at the time of filling up of the examination forms. Note In cases where application forms are downloaded from Universitys Website, the candtda te have to deposit Rs. 200/- in cash or through savings bank Draft as fee for application and prospectus. 7. humour OF PAYMENT All payments should be made through a crossed Demand Draft drawn in favour of the University of North Bengal payable at State banking concern of India, N. B. U. Campus Branch. Payments may also be paid in cash in the Cash Counter of the University Finance Branch and State Bank of India, N. B.U.Campus Branch. 8. MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION Study materials will be supplied to the students either in Bengali or English at their excerpt mentioned in the application form for enrolment but one can write both in Bengali, English or Nepali on his/her answer papers in the examinations and also on assignment sheets, subject to the condition that only one particular language shall be used during examination. 9. SYLLABUS The syllabi to be followed in the B. A. (General) course under Distance Education mode shall be similar to the regular B. A. (General) courses in the s ubjects concerned.For Bridge courses, the syllabi will be supplied to the enrolled students. Qualifying marks for appearing/taking the B. A. (General) part II examination are similar to that of the regular students. A candidate is required to complete the course in maximum four academic years from the date of joining to this course. Those who will not be able to complete the course within four years shall have to re-register as fresh candidates. 11 10. METHOD OF INSTRUCTION Study Material Instruction/Course Materials for each paper will normally be available from the college Study Centres as per choice of the students.Enrolment phone cards of the students will be dispatched to the students by post. Those intending to collect enrolment cards in person may collect the comparable from the Directorate of Distance Education. Assignments There shall be assignments for every paper both for Part I & Part II examinations carrying 15% marks. Candidates shall be required to complete the respective assignments and shoot down it to the competent authority by post or in person within the stipulated time. There shall be two periodic assignments for each paper, the best of which in terms of marks shall be counted.The same is applicable for Bridge Course students. Personal Contact Programmes (PCP) Personal Contact Programmes (PCP) to be organized in the colleges mentioned in item 5 or elsewhere within North Bengal will involve interaction with the teachers/counsellors. Duration of Personal Contact Programmes will normally be 8 10 days each for B. A. (General) Part I, Part II & Bridge Course. PCPs may be organized in College Study Centres other than that where a candidate has taken admission in cases whose subject wise clusters of Colleges have been made due to insuffiency of students in a subject at a College Study Centre.Personal Contact Programmes shall be compulsory for a candidate for appearance at a University examination. 11. EXAMINATIONS Examination Forms fo r all the courses shall be sent to the concerned students with all relevant information well in advance from the Controller of Examinations. The students shall have to fill the Examination Form as per given instructions and send the same to the university along with the Demand Draft of all fees by Registered Post so as to reach the University before the specified date.Admit Cards shall be issued to the candidates along with theprogramme schedule well in advance of commencement of the examinations. 12. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION B. A. (General) Part I and Part II Examinations will be held at the end of second year and third year respectively. Examination for Bridge Courses in Bengali, Nepali, English, History, Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics will be held at the end of the course (one-year). 12 13. AWARD OF CLASS/ DIVISION Students will be awarded Class/ Division as per rules of the University applicable for the Regular Courses. 14.RULES FOR REGISTRATION/ MIGRATION CERTIFICATE The candidates who have obtained their Graduate/ Post graduate Degrees of North Bengal University and have not migrated to any other University will be required to mention the Registration Number along with the session. Candidates who are from outside North Bengal University shall be required to submit Migration Certificate in Original at the time of enrolment. Otherwise the enrolment shall remain as provisional upto two months, after which the Directorate of Distance Education reserves the right to cancel the enrolment without any financial liability on its part.15. ENROLMENT/ compile NUMBER Every candidate who is admitted to the Directorate shall be assigned an Enrolment/ Roll No. which shall be valid during the entire period of the course when he/ she continues to be a student of the Directorate of Distance Education. In all communications addressed to the Directorate, the student must mention his/ her Enrolment/ Roll No. in full. Correspondence without the Enrolment no. will entail delays and difficulties both to the Directorate and the students and at times the office may not be in position to respond. 16.IDENTITY CARD The Directorate shall supply each candidate an Identity Card. The blank Identity Card sent with Prospectus containing the Application Form must be filled up properly. The particulars may be evidence by a College/ University Teacher/ Officer. The Identity Card must be bear on till completion of the course. This Card must be produced whenever required by the authorities and at the time of Personal Contact Programme (PCP), University examination and other purposes.The candidate shall be responsible for the safe-keeping of the I. D.card ,the loss of which must be reported to the local police station before a duplicate card will be issued. A mutilated card must be replaced by paying requisite fees. 17. DOCUMENTS TO BE ATTACHED WITH THE APPLICATION FORM FOR memory access The following documents must be attached with the Application Form an d any lapse in this connection may result in the delay in finalization of the admission process 13 a) Prescribed fees by Demand Draft in favour of North Bengal University payable at State Bank of India, North Bengal University Campus Branch. b) Original proof for date of Birth i. e.Admit Card/ Certificate (M. P. / H. S. or equivalent), Marksheets, University Registration Certificate, other testimonials (to be returned on the same date) and attested copies of them is to be submitted. Original documents will be returned by post after the admission to the students who apply by post. The same can also be self-possessed in person. c) Migration Certificate in original from the University studied (if applicable). The Migration Certificate shall not be returned. d) Recent stamp size photographs of the candidates (not to be attested) are to be paste on the application form and on the Identity Card. 18.GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS a) If a candidate desires to obtain Migration Certificate from the Directorate of Distance Education by discontinuation of study, all the prescribed fees including those for the Part II course shall have to be paid. There shall not be any fee concession to any category of students. Fee once paid by the candidate will neither be refunded nor adjusted. b) Candidates are not eligible for concessional Bus Fare Bus). (University c) If any of the dates mentioned in the Notification/ Circular etc. happen to be a holiday/ bandh, the relevant documents shall be accepted on the next working day.d) At the backside of the Demand Draft all particulars of the candidate must be provided. 19. CONTACT ADDRESS All correspondences should be addressed to The Director Directorate of Distance Education University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur P. O. North Bengal University Dt. Darjeeling, PIN 734 430 West Bengal, India Phone (0353) 2582116/ 2582117/ 2582218 Fax 0353 2581546 Visit us at http//dddnbu. tripod. com E-maildee_soumitrayahoo. com 14 NBU Kolkata Camp Of fice S-2/1, Sector 3, Block FC, Shrabani Abasan, Salt Lake, Kolkata-91. Ph. No. (033) 23371836. 15 16.

Reconstruction and African Americans from 1865-1900

Reconstruction and African Americans from 1865-1900 From 1865 to 1900, Reconstruction was meant to help change the lives of African Americas. However, because of prejudice, Reconstruction didnt go on as far as it could have. Reconstruction tried to deliver its promises to African Americans while battling a discriminatory white America. This is seen favorablely, through civil rights, and politically, through Jim Crow Laws and voting. Concerning social promises, Reconstruction made astounding changes for African Americans this is evident in newspapers and the Civil Rights Act of 1875.White Americans were becoming more sympathetic to the needs of African Americans, or at least white reporters were. Newspapers began to print stories and pictures made to draw sympathy to the black man and anger towards the KKK, such as in Harpers periodics One Less Vote (Doc A, F). The Civil Rights Act of 1875 allowed each citizen comparison, no more segregation in hotels, restaurants, public theaters , etc. , but it wasnt followed by everyone. Business owners were not willing to de-segregate, and the ones who were willing lost white business.White men and women remained biased, making it impossible for African Americans to have equality. White bias didnt stop the American government from taking political action to protect African Americans. The 14th and 15th Amendments attempted to stop discrimination the 14th Amendment gave bulwark of privileges for blacks and the 15th Amendment gave them the right to vote. Because of reforms, African Americans were legally allowed to vote. This brought celebration in African American communities, now they could have political influence. However, mainly in the South, blacks were threatened and horizontal killed for going to vote.Opposing government reforms, such as the Amendments, was the Deep South. The Jim Crow Laws were passed by segregation, prohibiting people to even talk about equality, and inter-racial marriage, equality was outlawed. Socially there was more acceptance. Politically there was more freedom. Reconstruction did alleviate many of the African Americans burdens. Overall, Reconstruction during 1865 to 1900 could have gone much farther. If it were not for the hostility expressed towards the equality of the races, Reconstruction could have quickly given the blacks their freedoms.

Infancy and Early Childhood Development Essay

Infancy and Early Childhood Development As a child develops families play a role in teaching the child. The first role is done through the five senses as a childs brain develops. Parents are also responsible for do sure a child stays healthy. Piaget says that a child will learn through experiments in his or her world. Erickson and Freud also have ideas on family fundamental interaction in childhood development. Along with interaction a refer has different styles to bring up a child. These styles can facilitate grade the child as he or she grows into adults.Early childhood educational activity and cognitive development also play a role in childhood development also. Families travel development through interaction with a child, the enhanceing style spendd by the parent will also help shape the child as he or she grows, along with untimely education and cognitive development. Families play a role in infancy and early child development. Early childhood follow up is in two categ ories experience-dependent (cultural-bound) and experience-expectant (universal) that aid in brain growth (Berger, 2008). As the brain grows senses and motor skills such as seeing, mobility progression, and hearing improve.The childs surround helps with this as the brain will respond to different particulars in spirit. Also in the biosocial aspect of development is health, a child will grow at expected rates and have better survival rates when the parents or caregivers practice healthy habits for the child such as immunization and nutrition, and regular healthy child check-ups. A nonher view of family effects on development comes from cognitive views of Piaget. Piagets work on sensorimotor intelligence and information processing says that infants progress from knowing their world through experiments.The child is shown objects by the parent and the parent tells the child what he or she is seeing, such as a cup, ball, or bottle. This colloquy with the child is how the family helps the child with language development. According Berger (2008), by one an infant can speak about two words, and by the age of two languages explodes, and at the toddler ages a child capable of speaking in short sentences. The come through role from parents in the developing child comes from psychosocial theories. Emotions play a staple fiber role in newborns two aspects of the role of emotions are from Erickson and Freud.Ericksons speculation is one of trust versus mistrust, and Freuds theory is one of oral and anal stages. some(prenominal) theories express the guidance given by parents to help raise their children. Parents and children play together, which helps develop social skills and attachment. Through attachment a child learns to explore and hold up independent in his or her world (Berger, 2008). Social play and attachment encourage social confidence. to a fault play a parent must use a style to raise the child. Parenting styles vary the three most used styles consist of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive.Authoritarian parents controls, evaluates behavior, and attitudes of the child with standard rules of conduct. A child who fails to follow the locate rules normally receives punishment with no explanation regarding why. According to Baumrind (1991), these parents are status and obedience oriented, and expect rules to be followed without explanation. The authoritative parent also sets rules for his or her child. positive parenting styles also sets rules for a child but unlike the authoritarian parent the parent is much more democratic about it.This parenting style permits the parent to be more responsive to the childs needs, and listen to questions and concerns the child may have. The child is not punished when he or she does not meet expectations of the parent as the parent is more nurturing, and forgiving. Discipline with the authoritative parent is more supportive than punitive, as the parent wants the child to be assertive, sociall y responsible, self-regulating, and cooperative (Baumrind, 1991). The last of the three parenting styles is permissive. The permissive parent consults with the child about decisions, gives reasons for rules, and makes few demands of the child.The permissive parent is more of a resource for the child to use, and is not active in shaping or altering the child. The permissive parent will try to manipulate the child to arrive at desired results but will not show power over the child (Baumrind, 1991). Of the three parenting stages authoritative parenting has the best balance. Authoritative parents want for the child, helps shape the child into an upstanding citizen while nurturing and firm in rules. This parenting style values the expressiveness of the child, and still setting standards for the child.The authoritative parent will also be objective, uses reason, power, and shapes and reinforces achievements and objective for the child, but does this with consensus of the child and the chi lds desires (Baumrind, 1991). Besides parenting education and cognitive development are important for a child. Early childhood education can began in the 1800s with private classes in a someones home. Serious studies of cognition and early education began with Piagets work in defining stages of development. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are both famous for theories on cognition, and early learning of young children.Piaget whom began his career as a biologist teaching in a boys school found an interest in child development after helping design a test on intelligence. His theory was that a child could not perform tasks until he or she was psychologically mature enough (Berger, 2008). His second stage or preoperational stage works in the classroom with the child using language to define objects. Vygotsky theory on early childhood learning is more of a social one. Vygotsky theory is a basis of young childrens thinking being self-centred and at time magical.His theory was a second aspec t of cognition young children can be sensitive to other peoples emotions and wishes. all(prenominal) aspect of child development is in social context, children are curious and observant. Vygotsky called this apprentice in thinking, as older children and adults are the teachers of society. Younger children are command participates as they learn to think from their mentors. Vygotsky belief was that children could do anything with the assistance of others in their social network (Berger, 2008). In conclusion as the brain grows, the interaction from the parent helps thebrain develop, along with parent keeping a healthy regimen.Parent and caregiver interacting with the child helps the child learn language. The three parenting styles authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive help shape with rules and responsibilities. The well balanced parenting style is authoritative allowing the child to understand why he or she is receives punishment, shapes and reinforces the child, and takes the childs feeling into consideration. Early childhood education began in the 1800s. Piaget and Vygotsky both believed that education was important.Piaget thought that a child learned he or she was psychologically mature enough. Vygotsky belief was that children learn from others and could do anything with the help from their mentors. Cognition is needed to help a child learn, develop, and grow. Reference Baumrind, D. (1991). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88. Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed. ). New York, NY Worth Publishers. Guest, A. (2011). Taking sides Clashing views in life-span development (3rd ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Reading is to the mind like exercise t the body Essay

Long before the invention of printing large number valued books as treasure troves of the human knowledge and experience. Hand-written manuscripts took months of writing and were collected and kept in monasteries with all utmost care. Why are they so precious? To my mind, a book is one of the greatest wonders in the world. It gives us a unique peril to link up with authors who lived hundreds and thousands years ago. Thanks to the books we can talk to people who lived in different ages and countries. Books are the surest way to bring nations together.They give us an brainstorm not only into the past but also into the future. A book is a faithful friend. Books stir my imagination, expand the boundaries of the familiar world. Some books teach us to live, form our moral values, some entertain us and give pleasure, some are very helpful in serious situations. Even in the advanced age of rapidly developing information technology I still feel the greatest and most efficient way of expe nding our knowledge is by reading. Reading is like doing exercises. Its very important for people to concur some regular exercises.This is very good for the posture, which I believe greatly affects the public health of the body and makes you stronger, and makes you feel good. After doing some strenuous exercise followed by a chargeer, you can really feel that your life is renewed and you have a fresh vigor with which to face the day. It seems to me that the more you exercise, the more you want to exercise. When you want and when you are able to use your body, you dont feel so much like sitting around being lazy.The same can be said about reading. It develops a persons logical and uninflected thinking, it enriches a persons vocabulary and gives a lot of life experience. It helps to understand other people, teaches how to behave in difficult situations, helps to avoid problems. Books serve the goal of learning, teaching and instructing. They influence our emotions and form our mo ral values. After reading an interesting book I can really feel to my life is renewed and I have a fresh vigor with which to face the day.The more I read, the more I want to read. I feel thirst for new information, stirred effect and good piece of advice which can be obtained through reading. There are different kind of books, such as historical novels which show peoples life in old times adventure stories which tell us about brave and clever people and their adventures popular science simile books which create imaginary worlds detective stories which show crime, criminals and clever detectives romantic novels which tell us about happy and unhappy love, peoples feelings psychological dramas which show how people behave in different situations and fairy-tales with imaginary heroes who fight for the good against the evil.I have always had a lot of books to read. But its difficult for me to choose my favorite writer out of a range of talented authors. Frankly speaking, Im not keen on reading womens novels, one-day fiction and tabloids. I am interested in real literature, the books that are to be chewed and digested. In my view, a good writer must have an skill to portray life truthfully, to describe nature with love and understanding. A good writer can always make people laugh or cry. He has a sense of humor, great lyrical power rich imagination.

Gun Control Research Essay

ProCon. org recently featured an article that studied taw control. Stricter state grinder laws associated with fewer shot deaths, study finds. The article discussed hoagy control laws in states with stricter laws tend to earn lower rates of petrol relate homicides, and a suicide (ProCon para. 1) blast control in the United States is becoming a full(a) spread issue and is becoming a problem everywhere. Although I am living in a city with uprising wickedness that has been skyrocketing over the years, I wasnt aw be of this being an issue every last(predicate) over the United States.I decided to do some research to find out whether I am in favor of Gun control laws or not. After reviewing many articles for and against munition control, I undercoat out that I do in detail agree with flatulence control laws. It became difficult to regularise my side of the controversy due to there being a lot of negative and positive opinions some the issue. I feel like artillery unit laws should be in place to restore our countries gasoline tie in crime rates in the U. S. The ProCon article argues that states with the strictest hit man control laws have lower rates of gas pedal related homicides and suicides.The argument for gun control laws revolve around the statistics of gun control laws being stricter in certain states verses states with not so strict gun control laws. According to ProCon, the most restrictive gun control laws have an average of 6. 64 fewer deaths per 100,000 plenty per year than those with the least restrictive laws (ProConpara. 1). ProCon continues on to discuss the study Firearm Legislation and Firearm Related Fatalities in the United States, that was studied by variant researchers that measured the association between the legislative strength of state gun control policies (ProCon para.1). The researchers wherefore began to study the five categories used to create the legislative strength bell ringer which included laws designed t o hold up firearm trafficking streng because background checks on purchasers of firearms beyond those required by Brandy Handgun Violence saloon Act ensure child safety ban military style assault weapons and restrict guns in public places (ProCon para. 1). The researchers and so ranked all 50 states from 0 to 28 based on their score (ProCon para. 2). The higher the score, the to a greater extent restrictive the gun lawsin that state, stated the researchers (ProCon para. 2). This study is a very important entree to our understanding of the connection between gun control and gun violence, said John Roman, a PhD, elder fellow. In addition to the general relationship between gun safety laws firearm deaths, too suggests that change magnitude the number of gun safety laws increases the reductions in firearm related deaths. So the benefits just get bigger with more laws (ProCon para. 3). After reading the ProCon article, I found myself agreeing with the researchers.I can see differen t levels of gun related crimes all over the United States. Just by living in Fort Wayne, IN where there has been a peak in gun related crimes and deaths gives me proof that their study was indeed accurate. If more states had stricter gun control laws they would start to have lower rates of gun related homicides and suicides. Next, I went to an article by Chuck Baldwin, an American Politician, who disagreed with gun control laws Here we go again. We have another mass guessing at yet another gun bump zone.Not only was the location a gun free zone, it was located inside the nations capital, which has some of the strictest gun-control laws in the entire country, Stated Chuck Baldwin, (Baldwin para. 1). Mr. Baldwin clear has a strong disagreement about gun control laws in the United States. In the appellation of the article, he stated, Guns dont kill people gun control laws kill people (Baldwin para. 1). Mr. Baldwin then proceeds to talk about people basically abusing gun control law s and that they are use little because people are still using guns in gun free zones. Mr.Baldwin argued, I thought gun-control laws and gun-free zones were supposed to foster people from gun violence (Baldwin para. 1). Mr. Baldwin proceeded to argue that Gun-Free zones are actually Free Killing zones (Baldwin para. 1). He then went on to explain how This is the second time in recent memory when some wacko shoots up a military installation (Baldwin para. 2). I feel like Mr. Baldwins logic behind gun control laws is kind of persuasive because even though there are gun control laws, and gun free zones, doesnt mean that people are going to stop committing gun related crimes in places where there are laws in place.I expected that I might be swayed by Mr. Baldwins information, unless I was not. I am definitely in favor of gun control laws. I also think that Mr. Baldwins argument was kind of true and he had a lot of good reasoning, save I still think that by enforcing gun control laws h elps a lot of states to lower their gun related crimes. However, I did not see anything on Chuck Baldwins article that proved gun control laws were good or bad. The final article that convinced me of my position came from the Congressional Digest.The article, Prevalence of Gun Use and the Regulatory Response doesnt focus on one side of the issue. Instead, it focuses on the different reasons gun control laws could or could not be effective. Some argue that the low violent crime rates of other countries have nothing to do with gun control, maintaining instead that multiple cultural differences are responsible (Gun para. 1). Through the years, legislative proposals to restrict the availability of firearms to the public have raised the following questions What restrictions on firearms are permissible under the Constitution?Does gun control constitute crime control? posterior the Nations rates of homicide, robbery, and assault be reduced by the stricter regulation of firearms commerce o r ownership? Would restrictions stop attacks on public figures or thwart deranged persons and terrorists? Would household, street corner, and schoolyard disputes are less lethal if firearms were more difficult and expensive to acquire? Would more restrictive gun control policies have the unintended effect of impairing citizens means of self-defense? (Gun para.2) This article provided a lot of questions that I asked myself and I answered yes to more than half of the previous questions. I had not considered these questions until I read the Congressional Digest. I think that if the administration really cracked down on gun control laws, people would actually see a change in gun related crimes. I feel like yes, more restrictive gun control policies have unintended effect of impairing citizens, and yes different cultural differences have nothing to do with gun control issues.After reading these articles on gun control laws, I am now more inform and can still say that gun control laws still should be enforced. I am strike at the different views this issue has received. I found out that I do in fact agree with gun control laws. It became difficult to determine my side of the controversy due to there being a lot of negative and positive opinions about the issue. I feel like gun laws should be in place to restore our countries gun related crime rates and fatalities in the U. S.

Internet Article Review “When to call the organization doctor” Essay

SummaryIn the article, When to key out the organization doctor by Robert N. Lle substanti aloneyyn discusses many techniques that be available for an organization and managers to use in ascertain how to properly identify organisational problems, or resolve current problems inside the organization. Llewellyns article in short describes eight-elements in accomplishing organizational in effect(p)ness Strategic Direction, Goal Alignment, Work Process and Projects, Organizational Structure, public presentation Management, Rewards, cultural Support Systems and Infrastructure.The article further points out that after a manager have identified the elements for effective organizational commission than they should apply these elements to diagnosis problems within the organization. Furthermore, When a fit problem is identified ace must use not only simple deductive thought process, but inferential thinking as well. (Llewellyn, p.79, 2002) Following this step puts management in charge of where the organization is going, strategically and systemically, and avoids the management-fad phenomenon. (Llewellyn, p.79, 2002)Effective ManagementIn week, one Professor Sowunmi asked the class to explain, How does effective management dissemble organizational success? (Main newsgroup, February 4, 2004 DQ 2)In say the question I stated, Effective management can have an endless impact upon the success of an organization. hearing Article 3The main goals of any business ar to shed sure that its organization and its employees execute proficiently and productively. Any company can accomplish these goals if the employees are provided with appropriate guidance, enough flexibility, and supplied with the necessary education about what the organization is trying to accomplish. Moreover, a company that is successfully managed has a vision and knows how to make decisions that are consistent with the companys vision. In addition, an organization that has near(a) management can make good decisions that not only improve the profits of the company, but also give the employees a sense of superciliousness in their company. A company that is managed successfully recognizes and appreciates its customers and will go all the way in qualification sure the customer is place first. (Easter-Brown, DQ 2, February 7, 2004)This statement helps support the fact that if an organization fails to properly diagnosis problems within the organization they are most probably committing a form of organizational malpractice. In other words, thinking about the many ways organizations try to change and make themselves healthier makes it nearly impossible if they are unwilling to remember that prescription without diagnosis is malpractice, whether in medicine or management.On the other hand, the self-medication hail can sometimes have limited impact and can even lose headway. Without any outside(a) help or ideas, the side effects or self-treatment can be limited management thinking, c ross-grained devotion to traditional and comfortable viewpoints. Self-medication can work well, but management must be well informed about the range of effective remedies.Interview Article 4Take the statement do by Kevin OConnell, one of my fellow classmates, Effective management uses mistakes as opportunities for learning and is able to encounter and quickly adapt to changes in the business climate. Ineffective management points the blame on others and never learns nor takes monomania for mistakes. (Main newsgroup DQ2, February 5, 2004)Furthermore, preferring the self-medication approach, many organizations continually engage in various processes aimed at self-change. They may purchase current management books, videos and training materials the counterpart of over-the-counter medications but in general, they prefer to figure things out for themselves. Many firms are simply more comfortable with this do it yourself approach and have little attraction to the idea of bringing in outsiders to deal with their change agenda. Internal task forces, special initiatives, campaigns and focused training programs can be effective forms of self-treatment. If they have a core team of bright, well-qualified internal change agents, they could make heavy(p) progress. Llewellyn states, managers should first correctly diagnosis organizational problems first, then, if needed, search for a consultant that has the experience needed. (pg. 79, 2002)Changes for SHSIf I could make changes or recommendations for my own organization, they would defiantly be built around the guidelines of organizational effectiveness.Interview Article 5The Stamford Health System is currently under new management and many of the guidelines stated in Llewellyns article are exceptional steps for improving the effectiveness of my companys organizational structure, for example, Performance Management, Rewards, and Cultural Support Systems are some good suggestions for improvement. In my recommendations for Performance Management, I would like to underwrite a centralized scheduling streamlines access to the hospitals services that satisfy physicians and patients, for example, a Centralized-scheduling lag of stationed in close proximity to the Admitting office, increasing their efficiency due to the high volume of walk-in patients. The middling 95 faxes and 30 calls received each day from physicians offices will be reduce to approximately 15 minutes to schedule. The training process for central scheduling lag is broader so that they can schedule all procedure/visit types Specific IT systems can now facilitate central scheduling by cosmos smart about scheduling.If my organization wants to be competitive and amplify their nurse retention, they need to provide study stimulus to restructure the hospital and organization. There needs to be an improvement in our internal remedy strategy as well as a market alliance strategy. In order to be successful in the market environment of m anaged care and managed competition, my institution needs to expand market role through superior quality service reduce management overhead with flat structure increase productivity with self-directed teams control expenses within budget reinforce innovation and performance with incentives and reinfuse employees and medical staff with a sense of shared optimism about the future.Interview Article 6I believe the force will be a sweeping overhaul in organizational culture, driven by a radical shift in management philosophy and a permanent commitment to seek never-ending improvements at all levels.ConclusionIt is evident from my evaluation and the article When to call the organization doctor by Robert N. Llewellyn that careful evaluation and diagnosis of the central problems in an organization can help avoid expensive, disruptive, and lots unnecessary intervention (pg.79, 2002) Overall, through a conservative position an organization can develop the force to evaluate and diagnosis effective organizational skills to improve the many problems that may arise in the organizational structure. Fundamentally, as long as the organization is willing to strive for organizational effectiveness, they have a great chance of solving problems within the company.Interview Article 7ReferencesEaster-Brown, D. (Feb. 7, 2004). MGT 330 Main Newsgroup. How does effective management impact organizational success? Retrieved from MGT 330 Main Newsgroup on February 16, 2004Llewellyn, R.N. (Mar. 2002). When to call the organization doctor HR Magazine. Vol. 47, Iss. 3, pg. 79. Retrieved from ProQuest database on February 2, 2004.OConnell, K. (Feb. 5, 2004). MGT 330 Main Newsgroup. How does effective management impact organizational success? Retrieved from MGT 330 Main Newsgroup on February 16, 2004Sowumni, A. (2004). Overview of The Concepts of Management week I Lecture. Retrieved from MGT 330 Course Newsgroup on February 13, 2003.University of Phoenix (Ed.). (2002). Management Theory , Practice, and Application University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text. fastness Saddle River, NJ Pearson Custom Publishing Retrieved February 13, 2003.