The Decline Phase Of The Sigmoid Curve - 943 Words

Small businesses have their work cut out for them when they first open up and release their product. There are many reasons as to why a small business may not be able to withstand the pressure of the market. A big reason for the bankruptcy is the owners do not know when they are in the decline phase of the sigmoid curve. The sigmoid curve has three phases, the learning phase, the growth phase and the decline phase. The problems usually start at the beginning of phase 3, the decline phase. This is where companies should be looking for ways to change their product slightly in order to get the customers attention again.The larger companies with high-valued managers mostly get out of the decline phase and back into the learning phase, but small businesses with a sole owner run into problems. Here, once the owner sees that his product is growing, he does not have the experience needed to know when he needs to change his product in order to become competitive once again. CHANDLER The world of business experiences never ending growth, creating a pool of competition. There are always businesses around to replace those that go under, and others to replace those that slip from the top. In a business world with such intense competition, every little detail can be the difference between global distribution and bankruptcy. This makes it difficult for businesses to begin the climb to top, many getting started at the bottom and unable to make any progress before bottomingShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : On Travelink Solutions2104 Words   |  9 Pagessupport, and mobilize the troops to move towards the vision, assess where and how to proceed next . The change phase is analyzed with context to certain theories which fits the best in different situation. In this case we came to know that while the change phase is going on with have to keep certain factors in our mind which are related to the strategies to be implemented during the change phase. The expansion was there b ut after the expansion they did not focus on strategically planning and the implementationRead MoreCase Analysis : On Travelink Solutions2393 Words   |  10 Pagesand mobilize the troops to move towards the vision, assess where and how to proceed next . The change phase is analyzed with context to certain theories which fit the best in different situations. In this case we came to know that while the change phase is going on we have to keep certain factors in our mind that are related to the strategies that need to be implemented during the changing phase. The expansion was there but after the expansion they did not focus on strategic planning and the implementationRead MoreCase Analysis : David Kane3044 Words   |  13 Pagesenvironment among staff members . He has to consider the pressure of administration which can be wrong at times. Sigmoid Curve Analysis As we all know the Sigmoid curve depicts about the change related to output of a system as a curve that increase during early-stage development and the various growth phases, flattens with the passage of time during maturity and gradually transfer into decline stage . In this case the Marshall High school was going through serious difficulties. It was facing wrecked violenceRead MoreExecutive Summary : David Kane3004 Words   |  13 Pagesenvironment among staff members . He has to consider the pressure of administration which can be wrong at times. Sigmoid Curve Analysis As we all know the Sigmoid curve depicts about the change related to output of a system as a curve that increase during early-stage development and the various growth phases, flattens with the passage of time during maturity and gradually transfer into decline stage . In this case the Marshall High school was going through serious difficulties. It was facing wrecked violenceRead MoreApple Inc. Essay example6592 Words   |  27 Pageswhich could potentially be catastrophic if not fatal for the Apple brand. ! ! Apple Inc. has transformed over its 30 year existence; there have been changes in leadership, product types, company logo and name. Apple Inc. experienced decline in the early to mid-nineteen nineties but has experienced unprecedented growth and success since the return of the founding father figure of Steve Jobs. Yoffie and Kim (2010) highlight the misdirected and turbulent time Apple experienced in the 1990’sRead MoreJb-Hifi Analysis Report6189 Words   |  25 Pagesthere are several issues that affect the implementation phase of its strategic management. This issues need to be addressed in order to successfully implement its strategies. Its current strategy is working in the short run despite experiencing issue with its implementation phase. This is reflected by JB’s current performance as they are experiencing growth even in a turbulent year in 2011. Overall, beside a few issue with its implementation phase, JB Hi-Fi is working effectively towards its futureRead MoreExample of Change Management3813 Words   |  16 Pagescountries and its marketing is done in over 125 countries. GSKs history goes as far back as 1859 when Beecham opened the worlds first factory built solely for making medicines at St Helens in England. Since that time the group has passed through many phases, but the turning point came during the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham in 2000, it had also seen a merger of Glaxo and Wellcome in 1995. There was a major impact on the culture, structure, stakeholders and strategy of the company dueRead MoreHemoglobin and Bloom S Category Essay12083 Words   |  49 PagesGoverns Respiratory Gas Exchange Page: 730-732 Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 12. Aquatic _______ are in a double bind, because their demand for oxygen increases as the temperature of their environment increases, but the oxygen content of water declines with increasing water temperatures. a. insects b. ectotherms c. endotherms d. plants e. None of the above Answer: b Textbook Reference: Concept 37.1 Fick’s Law of Diffusion Governs Respiratory Gas Exchange Page: 731 Bloom’s Category: 2.Read MoreStock Prices Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks7197 Words   |  29 Pagesfiunction It is interesting to note that the type of activation function used in the neural network nodes can be a factor on what data is being learned. The sigmoid function works best when learning about average behavior, while the hyperbolic tangent (tanh) function works best when learning deviation from the average. Figure 3. Sigmoid and tanh activation functions 2.1.3 Neural Layers Neurons are often grouped into layers. Layers are groups of neurons that perform similar functions. There

Obedience to Authority - 1250 Words

Obedience to Authority No human social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority, as the alternative would be anarchy leading to total chaos. Hence we find some sort of a hierarchy in both the most underdeveloped and the most civilized societies where certain individuals exercise authority over others. Almost everyone will agree that some degree of authority in certain individuals or groups (and their obedience by other groups) is desirable for the proper functioning of a society. The problem arises when the obedience to authority is taken to extremes. Unfortunately, history has shown that this happens time and again, usually with undesirable results. It is this blind obedience to authority that†¦show more content†¦In this context he observes â€Å"among our most shameful memories is—how often we said black was white because other people were saying it.† (â€Å"Fromm,† On Disobedience†¦) Jo’ana Meyer is a sociologist at the Rutger’s University who has carried out valuable research on children’s susceptibility to leading and suggestive interviews in the context of court testimony. She has discussed the effects of stress, prompting and imagination on children’s memories and powers of recall. She stresses the importance of Milgram’s research and points out that children are likely to obey authority at an even higher level than the adults in Milgrim’s experiments. Meyer has made important suggestions about ways to interview children that would increase the accuracy of their testimony. (â€Å"Meyer’† Inaccuracies in Children’s†¦.). The theme of obedience to authority has even greater significance in the military environment. The issue has been explored in the recent popular cinema through films such as The General’s Daughter and more significantly in the 1999 court-room drama A Few Good Men. The film, starring Tom Cruise and Jack Nicholson, presents both sides of the need for absolute obedience versus the right of individual conscience in the military. The issue of following orders versus human rights in the military has been intelligently handled. The film does not treat the issue in a one-sided or black and white manner but gives both sides of the subject. (â€Å"A FewShow MoreRelatedObedience to Authority1260 Words   |  6 PagesObedience to Authority No human social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority, as the alternative would be anarchy leading to total chaos. Hence we find some sort of a hierarchy in both the most underdeveloped and the most civilized societies where certain individuals exercise authority over others. Almost everyone will agree that some degree of authority in certain individuals or groups (and their obedience by other groups) is desirable for the properRead MoreObedience to Authority Essays836 Words   |  4 Pageshuman being’s life; along with this, is the expectation of obedience to that authority. Through this obedience, many great things have been accomplished, as well as many instances of cruel and immoral acts. Defiance of the established authority, though, has also lead to great things, such as the creation and founding of the United States of America. In his writing, Obedience to Authority, Stanley Milgram examines the obedience to authority without question ing or taking responsibility and the problemsRead MoreEssay on Authority and Obedience2310 Words   |  10 PagesAuthority and Obedience Thesis: We consciously or unconsciously obey authority in all walks of life on a daily basis. Obedience is when there is legitimate power, there is pressure to comply. Compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control. Authority being the legal or rightful power; a right to command or enforce obedience on another. This essay shall discuss, explore and evaluate the explanations as to why peopleRead MoreObedience to Authority Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesAuthority cannot exist without obedience. Society is built on this small, but important concept. Without authority and its required obedience, there would only be anarchy and chaos. But how much is too much, or too little? There is a fine line between following blindly and irrational refusal to obey those in a meaningful position of authority. Obedience to authority is a real and powerful force that should be understood and respected in order to handle each situation in the best possible manner.Read MoreThe Problems Of Obedience And Authority1849 Words   |  8 PagesOctober 15, 2014 The Problems of Obedience to Authority People will do about anything to stay out of trouble when it comes to someone with authority that cannot be argued with. Stanley Milgram did an experiment on the topic of obedience to authority; he wanted to know how ordinary people could do horrible things if forced to by someone of authority. Obedience to authority is instinctual for human beings, there has and will always be someone with a higher authority than ourselves. How can normal,Read MoreEssay on Obedience to Authority574 Words   |  3 PagesObedience to Authority Today our society raises us to believe that obedience is good and disobedience is bad. We are taught that we should all do what we’re told and that the people that are disobedient are almost always bad people. Society tells us this, but it is not true. Most people will even be obedient to the point of causing harm to others, because to be disobedient requires the courage to be alone against authority. In Stanley Milgram’s Perils of Obedience experiment, his studiesRead MoreThe Blind Obedience And Authority1237 Words   |  5 PagesBlind Obedience to Authority Millions of people were killed in Nazi Germany in concentration camps however, Hitler wouldn’t have been able to kill them all, nor could just a handful of people. Obedience is when society influences where/ when an individual acts in response to a direct order from another individual, who is usually the authority figure. It is assumed that without such an order the person would not have acted in this way. In order to obey authority, the obeying person has to acceptRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof â€Å"Obedience to Authority,† Milgram aptly points out that â€Å"some system of authority is a requirement of all communal living†(Milgram 1). This is a universal human truth. Authority is something that humanity, from the beginning of time, has consistently relied upon. Milgram argues that â€Å"obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose† and that it is the â€Å"dispositional cement that binds men to systems of authority† (Milgram 1). I argue that obedience is asRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pages Part I: Research paper topic and outline Obedience to Authority Abbygale Javier [IT 150G, 14111; On-line; Elizabeth Rasnick; September 29, 2016] I. Introduction A. Motivation of this research There are little facts about the role of obedience up until now. Psychologists have been debating on factors that constitute obedience within an individual. For example, certain theories suggest that people do horrible actions only if they are ordered to do so. Research has shown that most people obey allRead MorePhysiological Evaluation : Obedience And Authority Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesPhysiological Evaluation: Obedience to Authority In 1963, physiologist Stanley Milgram brought to light the idea of Obedience to Authority. He was stimulated by the trial and execution of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal who was put to death for the crimes he committed under Hitler’s authority (McLeod , Obedience to Authority, 2007). The objective of his research was centered on the question: â€Å"Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could

Mgpi Processing Incorporation Toxic Chemical †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cognition And Information Processing Mgpi Processing Incorporation Toxic Chemical. Answer: Introduction: This article is mainly centred around the chemical release within the processing plant of Atchison when the performing of raw material is unloading that was taking place during the unintentional connection of the unloading hose with the incompatible tank material taken out of the delivery truck(Nie Bassi, 2014). The main process was the unloading of materials from the delivery truck for feeding the tanks that went downstream for the production of relevant materials. Loading and unloading is a very normal everyday action that happens in all the chemical process plant. This does not require too much of mental effort and concentration. Moreover, it should also be mentioned that the people including the managers who are working in the chemical process plant should be extra vigilant and cautious with their sensory appeal about everything that is going on in the surroundings. Relevant aspects of human cognition in the MGPI Processing Incorporation toxic chemical release case study: The cognitive task required in the present situation is to understand all the process clearly, and to avoid the spill of harmful chemicals. The mistake of the technician was that he could not understand the chemical is spilling even when it was happening at a very fast rate(Dohl, 2013). Thus, his auditory and tactile sensations became blurred. The cognitive awareness related to the outside world must be there in order to protect the chemical spill in this regard. The cognitive process required for this process is a strong auditory and memory balance. However, it is lost over time because the levels of noise pollution in a chemical plant is above 80 decibels, which corrupts the short-term memory(Ganjyal Woo, 2014). The technician might remember the previous noise, and mistake it as the next noise, and this can certainly create severe disruptions in the overall memory pertaining to the person. So, the repetition of noise is harmful to the mental balance, and the correct guessing of the noise source, which is one of the reasons for this particular chemical spill. The information is generally perceived, processed, stored and retrieved in the human brain. The perceiving of information is dependent on the visual, auditory, tactile, and another type of senses. These senses bring an idea to the human brain, which is processed inside the brain according to its importance(Maningat Nie, 2014). There are two types of memory, namely, the short-term memory and the long-term memory. The information that goes into the short-term memory stays there for some time but also gets erased, and the long-term memories are stored for a long time and can be retrieved later. The perceiving, processing, storing and the retrieving of information by the human brain has a certain amount of limitation. The frequency of sound that is lower than 20 Hz cannot be perceived by humans, and neither can the frequency of sound that is higher than 20,000 Hz. The loudness of sounds are measured by the unit called decibel, and any sound that is more than 60 decibels can make a permanent damage to the eardrum as well as the repetitive sound of higher decibels might result in a temporary memory loss(Schwacke Smith, 2013). This temporary memory loss of the technician is the main reason for the chemical spill in the plant. The decisions are made in the brains by the attraction and appeal of a particular thing. This is also known as the law of arousal. Any pleasant sight or any pleasant sound gets stored in the memory for a long time due to the effect of arousal, and the memory stores the same. However, any unpleasant noise might block the brain from receiving it anymore as the brain perceives it as harmful(Kuselman Pennecchi, 2013). Nevertheless, if the repetitive unpleasant and loud sound occurs, the brain blocks the eardrum as a reflex, which creates a problem for a normal hearing later. Those individuals become hard of hearing and tend to only respond to loud conversations. Some of the potential human errors related to the cognition can be either exogenous or endogenous. The exogenous errors happen due to the impact of the outside world whereas the endogenous errors occur from inside. The overall experience in this regard suggests that the too much boredom at work can create a sort of negligence to the concerned person, and so, it can be considered as an outside cognitive error(Kennedy Dodd, 2011). However, the memory loss of the technician due to long exposure to high levels of sound is an endogenous factor responsible for this human error. Recommendations for the betterment of the situation: The only plausible solution in this regard can be a proper medical check-up of the technician and workers involved with the chemical plant. Moreover, the people working should be an expert, and no novices should be allowed to take care of the entire process all alone. Some extra amount of money should be spent on the project for hiring more people in order to stop the same technicians from multitasking in the project(Tan Nijholt, 2010). The technicians should also be given some amount of corporate training for making them understand the basis of the project so that they dont take recourse to any kind of automatic thinking that might create such errors in the plant. The cognitive behavioural theory (CBT) is mainly used for giving a proper solution to the problem, which states that the thought process of an individual is dependent on threefold factors, namely, the behavioural factor, the environmental factor and the personal factor. All the three factors are completely based on the corporate training that would inspire the technician about working in a certain environment(Pinker, 2010). The atmosphere of the work would not be considered as much hectic after finding out the particular solution related to the same. If the technician works in a toxic environment for a long time, then the autobiographic memory of the technician gets created very easily, which can develop into something that can make him less vigilant about the entire situation. Sometimes, the technicians are kept in the chemical plants which are not quite experienced in the field. This is mainly done for the cost cutting scheme of the chemical power plant. However, the process plant should understand the main meaning of this particular job, which is a lot different than others(Wacongne Labyt, 2011). This kind of job mainly talks about the responsibility of the technician because the masses and their lives would be at stake if any toxic chemical comes out of the plant. The environmental protection act should also be given prominence while explaining about the work responsibility of the technician during the training process. The rotation of staff is also another plausible method to reduce such impacts for a longer period of time. According to the cognitive theory, the boredom of the job creates a lot of negative impact towards a particular type of work that affects a persons behaviour and overall interest towards a particular type of work(Dohl, 2013). Conclusion: This entire piece of work mainly talks about the chemical spill of the MGPI processing incorporation that happened a long time ago, and this case study is mainly brought forth for understanding the effect of human cognition on the factors of making errors(Kuselman Pennecchi, 2013). This particular piece of writing mainly talks about those errors that can certainly create some problems related to the cognitive disabilities and the casualness of the technicians. The proposed solutions are also given about the same. References Dohl, C. G. J., 2013. High-protein, low-carbohydrate bakery products. 3 ed. New York: U.S. Patent Applicatio. Ganjyal, G. Woo, K., 2014. Expanded products with high protein content. 4 ed. New York: U.S. Patent . Kennedy, D. Dodd, F., 2011. Monoterpenoid extract of sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) with cholinesterase inhibiting properties improves cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(8), pp. 1088-1100. Kuselman, I. Pennecchi, F., 2013. Human errors and reliability of test results in analytical chemistry. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 18(1), pp. 3-9. Maningat, C. Nie, L., 2014. Methods of making wheat protein isolates and their modified forms. 5 ed. New York: U.S. Patent . Nie, L. Bassi, S., 2014. Starch-plastic composite resins and profiles made by extrusion. 2 ed. New York: U.S. Patent. Pinker, S., 2010. The cognitive niche: Coevolution of intelligence, sociality, and language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19(8), pp. 8993-8999. Schwacke, L. Smith, C., 2013. Health of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environmental science technology, 48(1), pp. 93-103. Tan, D. Nijholt, A., 2010. Brain-computer interfaces and human-computer interaction. Brain-Computer Interfaces, 13(5), pp. 3-19. Wacongne, C. Labyt, E., 2011. Evidence for a hierarchy of predictions and prediction errors in human cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(51), pp. 20754-20759.

Contradictions and Compromises in Preserving Value

Question: Discuss about the Contradictions and Compromises in Preserving Value. Answer: Introduction: Over the past several months, there has been a hot bed of debate regarding the demolition of the heritage house of the founding minister of the late prime minister of Singapore. Mr. Lee Kuan Yew was the veritable architect of Singapore and the shining star of the eastern firmament (www.bbc.com, 2016). Mr. Lee had greatly influenced the burgeoning politics of Singapore and brought in the transition phase in politics. The cult personality of the late Prime Minister creates a profound impression in me. I, as well as many of my friends and colleagues, have concern for the preservation of the legacy house of Mr. Lee. Mr. Lee Kuan Yew, the stellar figure of Singapore politics, passed away on March 23, 2015 at the ailing age of 91. The founding minister of Singapore wanted his Oxley Road house to be decimated after his demise. The Oxley Road house is a glimmering building, and he and his family had shifted into the house in 1945 (Www.straitstimes.com, 2015). The famed house also witnessed the discourse on the beginning of Action party movement. A few years back, in 2011, in an interview, Lee had expressed his wish. The logic behind the wish was that, Lee had seen the deteriorating plight of the magnificent houses of the greatest of the great such as Jawaharlal Nehru and William Shakespeare after they moved into another world (Leo, 2016). Therefore, Lee wanted his house to be razed to the ground. The first of my concern is I want to vote against the poll Most people back demolition of 38, Oxley Road. The main intention behind penning down the heated letter is, I am a student of Modern History and my discipline forces me to venerate the monumental buildings that entail history. The Oxley Road house of Mr. Lee Kuan Yew stands as the epitome of history and culture like the Sun Yat Sen Memorial House in Macau. Truly speaking, I can comprehend the graveness of the matter. In fact, I am respectful of the wish of the late Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew. It would be erroneous to hold that Mr. Lee did not want to leave behind a positive trail. He had gifted us many things during his lifetime and modernized the nature of Singapore politics. To my belief, the house is the relic of the past. It is the last vestige of the great man who has now traversed the mortal world. It is not possible for us to bring him back into the profane world, but we could preserve the placid and historic bui lding of the pioneer. Just like the historic abode of Mahatma Gandhi (Sabarmati Ashram), Netaji Subash Chandra Bose (Elgin Road), and the Oxley Road house of Mr. Lee Kuan Yew stands for the emblem of the politics and culture of Singapore. The house is the witness of a stream of revolutionary events and manifests the transformative culture and politics of Singapore (Kassim, 2015). The house of the late Prime Minister (Lee Kuan Yew) is a heritage building that should be retained. Substantiating my stance, I want to bring something within the purview of consciousness of the general mass and the higher authorities. The rule says that all the historic structures and the architectural remains should be preserved without much renovation. It is indispensable to shield the edifice with proper care and systematic regulation (Www.ura.gov.sg, 2016). The house of the late Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew is a few decades old building. Therefore, in an interview, he mentioned that the house restoration process could be very tedious and cost bearing (Henderson, 2016). Consequently, he wanted that his house should be bulldozed after his death. As a responsible citizen, I should carry my statement forward and make an appeal to the common mass that they look into the situation and adopt a measure. My principal interest behind writing this letter is to arouse the citizens of Singapore from their slumber and play against the vote. All the citizens of Singapore should show willingness to protect the figment of the past. My main concern is to conserve the heritage building of the late Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew. The conservation process is not that tiring. Through systematic research and documentation, the restoration of the building should be deliberated. Therefore, I want to make a humble request to the citizens of Singapore to consider my perspective and revise their decision. References: Henderson, J. C. (2016). Remembering Lee Kuan Yew: politics, heritage and political heritage in Singapore.International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(1). Kassim, Y. R., Ali, M. (Eds.). (2015).Reflections: The Legacy of Lee Kuan Yew. World Scientific. Leo, C. N. (2016). When Im Dead, Demolish It: Contradictions and Compromises in Preserving Values at Lee Kuan Yews Oxley Road Home, Singapore. MIN, C. (2015). Mr Lee Kuan Yew wanted his house to be demolished: Five things about 38, Oxley Road. The Straits Times. Retrieved 20 September 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mr-lee-kuan-yew-wanted-his-house-to-be-demolished-five-things-about-38-oxley-road Protecting Our Identity through Our Built Heritage. (2016). Ura.gov.sg. Retrieved 20 September 2016, from https://www.ura.gov.sg/uol/about-us/our-work/protecting-identity.aspx Singapore's founding father Lee Kuan Yew dies at 91 - BBC News. (2016). BBC News. Retrieved 20 September 2016, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32012346.

An Unlikely Source of Gratitude †and How it Changes Lives

An Unlikely Source of Gratitude – and How it Changes Lives I don’t pay much attention to my Facebook news feed, but this morning I woke up to something that caught my attention. My friend Jacob in Minneapolis had posted a message of gratitude. Gratitude that he was alive, and that he has such a supportive community of friends and family. This sort of message might not be an attention grabber if it weren’t for its context: Jacob, an avid cyclist, had been hit by a minivan on his way to work the day before his message. The story was newsworthy: the driver of the minivan had just tried to hang a toddler in her home and had hit and dragged another pedestrian for blocks as well. Jacob chose to focus on gratitude. Thankfully, Jacob escaped with his life and two breaks in his leg that required surgery. For someone whose life is focused around cycling, dancing, and skiing, an injury like this could be devastating. But, despite the fact that my friend’s bike was crushed, his spirits most definitely were not. Last year, another friend who makes his living through physical performance had a major injury that sidelined him for months. He expressed similar gratitude and has made a full, bright recovery. And there’s always the remarkable James Hinchcliffe, the only person ever to survive the type of severe internal injuries he incurred in a 2015 race car driving accident. After a remarkable recovery, he is one of the favorites on the current season of Dancing with the Stars and reports about the crash, Every day I wake up with an attitude and an outlook on life that I wouldnt have had without it. So Im reminded every day of all the good that came out of it. A famous 1978 study of recent paraplegics found that they are equally as happy if not happier than recent lottery winners – largely because they are able to gain pleasure from everyday activities that might not give pleasure to someone who has just acquired an outside item. The pleasure of a win can fade, but the pleasure of appreciating life does not. Jacob’s story, and other stories of survivors, are great examples of how gratitude can make a difference and inspire others. Perhaps because of his spirit, a GoFundMe campaign easily surpassed its $5,000 goal in just one day, climbing quickly (through almost 200 donations of $100 or less) toward the $7,000 mark. People like gratitude. Gratitude inspires gratitude! Yesterday a friend said to me, â€Å"Life it great! It is different every day!† I agree, and this week especially I am remembering to appreciate all the gifts it offers – especially those that might not look like gifts on the surface. I wish the same for you as you head into Thanksgiving week. Can you find gratitude for something you might not have felt grateful for? That’s a practice that will lead to a joyous life. Save Save Save

buy custom Grades and Academic Achievement essay

buy custom Grades and Academic Achievement essay Student grades and academic achievement go hand in hand in many ways. Grades are as an evaluation tool to gage students comprehension of the subject matter, to assess their reading and writing skill and to determine their overall intelligence or ability level. Grades can also be used to determine other things about students. If a consistent A student starts failing tests or assignments, that may be an indication to teachers that the student may be experiencing a personal issue, such as trouble at home, drug use or health concern. In these ways, grades help teachers to establish and track students learning progress, intellectual growth and general well-being, which in turn enables teachers to provide appropriate opportunities for learning to foster academic achievement among students. By establishing a students grade point average, a teacher can learn how to fine tune instruction on both an individual and whole-group level. If a teacher sees, for example, that a student with a good or average grade point average starts receiving less-than-average grades, the teacher will be able to infer the students difficulty with that particular topic, chapter or concept and can provide extra help to improve student achievement. Or if a teacher gives a test and the entire class scores 20 percent lower than normal, the grades will indicate to the teacher that perhaps her instructional approach was ineffective and she will know to revise the lesson in order to reach students and foster achievement. Grade patterns can alo help teachers recognize and provide opportunities for bright students who arent being challenged or identify and differentiate instruction visual, auditory and kinesthetic learners. If, for example, a student consistently scores low on oral tests, the grades might indicate that the student is a visual or kinesthetic learner and the teacher can then provide suitable assignments to those learning styles, such as written exams or hands-on art projects. In these ways, grades are essential to academic achievement in that they can illuminate students learning needs, point toward ineffective instruction and help the teacher establish her students individual learning styles. Grades can also influence students academic achievement and performance on future assignments, tests and projects. Since grading consists of a scaled, weighted ranking system that ultimately determines a students ability to move forward or repeat a grade, grades can be used as a motivating factor both in and out of the classroom. A student with consistently average or even poor grades can be motivated to improve their scores when a teacher assigns special rewards to high marks. A student, for example, may be encouraged to put additional effort into his work if he knows that all students who receive a grade of A will be given a homework pass to use on the day of their choosing. On the other hand, students may study more vigorously for a test if they know that anyone who receives a D grade or lower will be required to participate in a one-week extra-help workshop during free period. Attaching lower-stakes, but releevant, consequences such as these to students grades can improve academi c achievement over time, especially among disinterested students who are particularly difficult to engage or motivate in the classroom. Important to note are the few negative or detrimental ways in which grades can impact academic achievement among students. If a grading system is not used properly, it can be ineffective or even harmful to students academic progress. To begin with, if a teacher does not chart the grades or is unable to establish and recognize the grade patterns of her students, the grades will not be effective in alerting the teacher of her students needs, as previously discussed. The grades alone are not enough to improve student achievement rather, their successful interpretation by an educational professional is essential to their use as a method to improve student achievement. In addition, graded assignments must be diverse in order to give all learners the opportunity for achievement. If students are only graded in one way, this can limit, hinder or even skew students performance results. If students are only graded on tests and quizzes, for example, students who are hands-on, discovery learner s will not have the opportunity to achieve because they are not being given an opportunity to demonstrate learning in a way that is suitable to their learning style or needs. By basing grades on a variety of assignments that include group work, presentations, written work and creative projects, the teacher will be able to provide all students with opportunities for academic achievement. Buy custom Grades and Academic Achievement essay

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example An exemplification of this structure exists with respect to the way in which joint oversight is shared between teams and continual peer review is practiced. Essentially, David Pinder established this organizational structure as a means of ensuring that a certain individual or group of individuals did not have total and complete oversight with respect to the way in which projects were accomplished and work was performed (XIAOJUN 383). By diversifying the overall level of the review and overview process, he was able to effectively ensure that a further level of ethical standard was implemented within the firm and individuals were held accountable for all decisions that were made. Additionally, even though this structure is of course evident, other business leaders would have been satisfied with the ethical norms and standards that have thus far been put forward. However, in David’s case, he was specifically interested in promoting an even further level of ethics by ensuring that he maintained an open door policy that would allow stakeholders to discuss pertinent issues with him at any time; should they feel they are relevant to the continued success of the firm or their continued happiness as an employee. In terms of the actual steps that David Pinder has taken in order to ensure that an ethical culture is established, it should be understood by the reader that the immediate establishment of vision and philosophy, as well as ground rules and expectations for how employees understood their roles and responsibilities with the central element of establishing the steps that ensured this ethical culture. Essentially, the priorities that were established prior to any work being performed were concentric upon respect, dignity, happiness, and engagement (Li et al. 830). As can be noted, none of these are concentric on profit. The establishment of vision and

Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Data Analysis - Essay Example Second in the list was those aged 21-25 years old at 25% while the respondents aged 18-20 and 26-30 years old were represented at 13% each. Despite five websites i.e. Flickr, Imgur, Instagram, Pinterest, Deviant Art being of interest in the study, it was observed that the only commonly used site is Flickr. 75% of the respondents admitted to be using the Flickr while 25% of the respondents did not respond to the question. It seems the respondents have little time to visit the photo sharing websites. Majority of the respondents interviewed (75%), said to be using the photo sharing websites occasionally, 12.5% use photo sharing frequently while 12.5% admitted to be not using the photo sharing websites. Ease of access and sharing came out as the greatest advantages of using photo sharing websites. 29% of the respondents agreed that photo sharing websites are advantageous in the sense that they are both easy to access and easy to use in sharing the photos. Equal number of participants (14%) mentioned about availability of space, confidentiality and quality of photos as some of the advantages of using photo sharing websites. Website photo sharing is of paramount importance however a few checkups need to be rectified for the trust among the users be increased. Currently people view it as being insecure, it will be very important if security and privacy is improved to allow people interact more proactively with the

Managing Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Change - Essay Example Customers tend to prefer those retail stores which serve them quick. Although, ASDA is one of the largest UK retail organisation, but the research has revealed that customers have to wait longer at ASDA as compared to Waitrose and Sainsburry (Mirror, 2006). ASDA is at the third number in the UK retail industry on the basis of customer waiting time. This situation is a serious issue for any retail organisation. The management of ASDA should take considerable measures in order to reduce the customer waiting time and to make sure that the company has lowest possible customer waiting time in the UK retail industry. For this purpose, the management has to change some of the working standards and procedures and along with this has to incorporate new technologies. This change is important in order to provide the customers with valuable shopping experience and make sure that there is high customer satisfaction. This in turn will facilitate the organisation in the process of attracting more c ustomers and retaining the current ones, thus increasing the customer base. In order to incorporate this change it is first important to measure the current performance, set new standards for the performance and compare the current performance with the new standards. For this reason, the management of ASDA has to first measure the current queuing time and set the new queuing time. ... To consolidate improvements and produce still more change 8. To institutionalise new approaches The management of ASDA has to first communicate to the employees the importance of this decision and the implications for the whole organisation. Secondly, the organisation will have to identify and formulate a group of people who can lead the change process. Their organisation will have to come up with a proper vision which should be communicated to the employees and the employees should have the required empowerment in order to take the necessary steps. The organisation will have to create short term milestones and wins and work on required improvements. Apart from this the organisation should enforce a system of proper control and monitoring for the continuous improvement. There are several internal and external factors which will either support the change or resist the change. It is important for the organisation to incorporate the appropriate change management strategies in order to m inimise the negative forces and enhance the positive forces (Markovic, 2008). One major element in the process of change management is in regard to the management of the resistance. Most of the changes or transformation fails because of the increasing resistance (Atkinson, 2005). It is importance for the organisation to manage the resistance effectively and efficiently. In this particular case the high resistance will be from the employees of the retail organisation. In order to reduce the resistance on the part of the employees, the management of the organisation should involve them in the process and implement the method of participatory communication (Russ, 2008). Apart from this the management of ASDA should also start the training and development program for the employees

The cholinergic drug

The cholinergic drug A cholinergic drug is a drug that acts on the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system, or both and enhances the effects that are mediated by acetylcholine. It is also known as cholinergic agent, parasympathomimetic drug or cholinergic agonist. [1][2] It can work in two ways; either acting directly by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine at one or more acetylcholine receptors present in the body, or acting indirectly by blocking/inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholine that is responsible for the degradation/ hydrolysis of acetylcholine. [1][2] Depending on the type of receptor to act on, cholinergic drugs are either classified as muscarinic agonists or nicotinic agonists. [6] Anticholinergic drugs: An anticholinergic drug is a drug or an agent that competes with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine for its binding sites at synaptic junctions thereby suppressing or inhibiting its activity and thus preventing the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses. [3][4] Depending on the type of receptor to act on, anticholinergic drugs are either classified as muscarinic antagonists or nicotinic antagonists. [6] Pilocarpine: (Chemical formula=C11H16N2O2) Introduction: Pilocarpine is a naturally occurring alkaloid which is extracted from the South American shrub named Pilocarpus jaborandi. It is a non-selective cholinergic parasympathomimetic agonist that binds to muscarinic-M3 receptors and results in contraction of smooth muscles and stimulation of various exocrine glands. [5] The drug is available in the form of eye drops, tablets, suspensions and gel. It has a slow onset of action which is about 10 to 15 minutes but has a longer duration of action of about 6 to 8 hours, and therefore can be given thrice a day. It is inactivated at neuronal synapses and in plasma and is excreted in urine. Pilocarpine can be used in combination with other sympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, miotics, beta-blockers, or hyperosmotic agents. [8] History: In 1875, Mr. Gerrard discovered pilocarpine from the leaves of Pilocarpus jaborandi. At that time, he believed that there were at least two alkaloids present in this plant. At the same time, M. Hardy isolated pilocarpine. In 1876, the isolated pilocarpine alkaloid was introduced to conventional ophthalmology for the treatment of glaucoma. 1879, Straws, while doing an active research concerning the sudoriferous secretion in cases of facial paralysis, was the first to employ local medication with pilocarpine and published relevant results. Chemical synthesis of pilocarpine: Although pilocarpine looks like a simple molecule but it has a complex chemical synthesis. This is because of the stereospecific construction of the imidazole moiety that is cis to the ethyl group on the butyrolactone ring which makes its synthesis difficult and challenging. The starting reagent for its synthesis is 2-acetylbutyrolactone which undergoes selenenylation by reacting with phenylaelenenyl chloride to produce a seleno lactone 2-acetyl-2-(phenylselenyl) butyrolactone with a yield of 94%. This is then subjected to oxidative elimination of selenoxide in the presence of cyclo-pentadiene and hydrogen peroxide to produce a mixture of endo and exo bicycle ketones in a ratio of 2.3:1. Pyrolysis (flash vacuum thermolysis) of these ketones produces a white solid 3-acetyl-2(5H)-furanone with a yield of 95%. This ketone is then reduced under mild conditions by treating it with an asymmetric reducing agent (+)-?-chlorodiisopinocamphenylborane, which is used particularly for chiral redu ctions, to produce (3R)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2(5H)-furanone in 60% chemical yield and an optical purity of >92% that was determined by NMR analysis. Next, a stereocentre is introduced at C4 of the (3R)-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2(5H)-furanone by the Claisen rearrangement at its vinyl ether which produces an exocyclic double bond and the (4R)-acetaldehyde side chain. Both of them are necessary for the formation of the imidazole ring. This will result in a 2:1 mixture of (4R)-(Z)-dehydrohomopilopic aldehyde and (4S)-E-diastereomer in 71% yield. Hydrogenation of (4R)-(Z)-dehydrohomopilopic aldehyde in the presence of pyridine/benzene (1:1) solution at 25?C at 1atm for 1 hour produces (3s,cis)-Homopilopic aldehyde. Finally, when (3s,cis)-Homopilopic aldehyde is reacted with 1,5-disubstituted imidazole under aprotic conditions, it results in the formation of pilocarpine in 61% yield. [9] Structure-activity relationship (SAR): The nitrogen on the imidazole ring is protonated before interacting with the muscarinic receptor. There is a strong ionic interaction between the charged nitrogen atom and an anionic side group of an aspartate residue in the receptor. The methyl substitute on the nitrogen is positioned in an open region of the binding site. Hydrogen bonding interactions exist between the ester group of pilocarpine and an asparagines residue of the cholinergic receptor. A small hydrophobic pocket exists in the receptor site which can accommodate the methyl group of pilocarpine. The drug has a correct pharmacophore for the muscarinic receptor with a separation between nitrogen and oxygen being 4.4?A. [6] Mechanism of action: Pilocarpine is a direct acting cholinergic agent that resembles acetylcholine and therefore binds to the same muscarinic neuroreceptor and results in its stimulation. In eye, it causes contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and therefore results in miosis (pupil constriction). Clinical uses: Pilocarpine has been used in the treatment of both acute closed-angle and chronic open-angle glaucoma. [8] Glaucoma is a condition when the aqueous contents of the eye cannot be drained. This result in increased intraocular pressure which causes optic nerve damage and can lead to side vision damage (peripheral vision damage) and if not treated, can result in central vision damage and leads to irreversible blindness. [6] Pilocarpine is also used to treat xerostomia which is a condition characterised by dryness of the oral mucosa. The drug acts on cholinergic receptors in the glandular parenchyma thereby increasing the salivary secretion. [7] Pilocarpine hydrochloride (Salagen) tablets are prescribed to the patients suffering from Sjà ¶gren syndrome (SS) in order to treat their symptoms of xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eyes). Sjà ¶gren syndrome (SS) is a chronic, autoimmune, rheumatic disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva. This in turn makes the individual susceptible to various infections and if untreated may also lead to other complications like bacterial sialadenitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, stomatopyrosis (burning mouth), oral candidiasis, oral ulcers, periodontal disease, accelerated dental caries, corneal ulceration or perforation, malnutrition, weight loss and sleep disruption. [5] Pilocarpine is also used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF). [8] Cystic fibrosis is a common hereditary disease which is characterised by scarring (fibrosis) and formation of cyst within the pancreas. The disease is characterised by shortness of breath, frequent chest infections, sinus infections, salty tasting skin, normal appetite but poor growth and poor weight gain, excess mucus production, diarrhea and infertility in males. [14] Sweat test method is used to diagnose of disease in which the drug stimulates sweat glands in order to measure the concentration of chloride and sodium that is excreted in the sweat. Pilocarpine is often used as an antidote for Atropine, Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine poisoning. [8] Adverse effects: Since pilocarpine is a non-selective muscarinic receptor anonist, its use can result in a wide variety of side-effects which can include lacrimation, excessive perspiration, excessive salivation, bronchospasm, increased bronchial mucus secretion, muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypertension, diarrhea, blurred vision and eye pain, browache and miosis when used chronically as an eye drop. When pilocarpine is used in the form systemic injection, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain where it can lead to chronic epilepsy. [13] Suggestions for design of new drugs: Pilocarpine has significant delivery problems associated with its low lipophilicity. Its bioavailability in the eye is low, duration of action is fast due to its rapid elimination from the eye and above all, it has serious side effects like miosis and myopia. Based on the knowledge of dependence of drug delivery with physicochemical properties of the drug, a prodrug approach can be used to improve the delivery characteristics of pilocarpine. A prodrug should be designed such that it has a higher lipophilicity than pilocarpine which would enable it to cross the corneal membrane with ease, should have sufficient aqueous solubility so that it could be formulated as eyedrops, should be able to convert back to the active parent drug within the cornea, should have a controlled release and a prolonged duration of action. [10] Curare: Introduction: Curare is a nicotinic antagonist. It is a crude, dried extract from a plant called Chondrodendron tomentosum. [6] It is a mixture of 70 alkaloids. [11] The active principle in curare is tubocurarine (C37H41N2O6). [6]The antidote for curare poisoning is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor (anti-cholinesterase), such as physostigmine or neostigmine. [15] The drug is available in the form of solutions and intravenous injections. It has an onset of action of about 4 to 6 minutes and duration of action of about 80 to 120 minutes. It is eliminated through kidney and liver. History of curare: During the sixteenth century, the South American indigenous people used curare as a paralyzing poison where they killed the prey by dipping the arrows or blowgun darts in curare. [16]The prey is killed due to asphyxia in which the respiratory muscles fail to contract. [16] In 1780, Abbe Felix Fontana studied the effects of curare on heart, voluntary muscles and nerves and found that it affects the voluntary muscles of the body as compared to the other two. [15] In 1800, Alexander von Humboldt reported the method used by the Orinoco River natives to prepare the curare toxin from its plant source.[16] During 1811-1812 Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783-1862), a leading English surgeon, experimented with curare. [16]He found that curare paralysed the respiratory muscles but the heart continued to beat for a while. [16]He was the first to show that if the animals respiration is maintained artificially, recovery is complete. [16] In 1850, George Harley found that tetanus or strychnine poisoning can be cured by using curare. [15] From 1887 the Burroughs Wellcome catalogue listed under its Tabloids brand name, tablets of curare at 1/12 grain (price 8 shillings) for use in preparing a solution for hypodermic injection. [15] In 1939, Henry Hallett Dale reported the antagonistic effect of curare on acetylcholine. [15] Mechanism of action: Curare is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant that blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The main toxin of curare, d-tubocurarine, is a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine and so occupies the same position on the receptor as the neurotransmitter but does not switch it on. The overall effect on the body is the same as it would be in the absence of acetylcholine. [15] History of tubocurarine: In 1935, Harold King of London was experimenting on a sample of curare in Sir Henry Dales laboratory and was not only able to isolate tubocurarine in its pure form from the crude drug but also discovered its chemical structure. [16] In 1912, tubocurarine was used for the first time in medicine. [15] In 1942, tubocurarine was used along with anaesthetics in surgical procedures to relax muscles. [15] Structure-activity relationship: The structure of tubocurarine is shown in fig. Although the molecule does not have an ester group to bind to the nicotinic receptor, but it has two positively charged nitrogen atoms, one of which is a tertiary nitrogen atom while the other is a quaternary nitrogen. One of them binds to the anionic binding region of the nicotinic receptor while the other binds to a nearby cysteine residue that is 0.9-1.2nm away. Such an intreraction is so strong that it makes up for the lack of the ester binding interaction. Also, the distance between the two positive centres is 1.15nm which is also important for the activity of the drug. [6] Indication Curare is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, [17]which is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced against acetylcholine nicotinic post synaptic receptors at the neuro-muscular junction. [18] Curare is also used in surgical procedures in association with general anesthesia in order to facilitate in the relaxation of abdominal muscles when it is not possible with inhalation anesthesia. [12] Adverse effects: Curare has undesirable side-effects, the most common of which include hypotension (by ganglion-block and histamine release), bronchoconstriction (by histamine release), skeletal muscles paralysis and asphyxia (impaired breathing). [15] Suggestions for design of new drugs: Tubocurarine has undesirable side effects because it also acts as an antagonist at the nicotinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. Also, its deactivation depends on metabolic mechanisms involving enzymatic deactivation and/or excretion, the efficiency of which varies from patient to patient and is particularly poor for patients with low levels of plasma esterases or kidney failure. Therefore, a self-destruct mechanism can be introduced into the design of a new drug for its sufficiently rapid breakdown. If a good electron withdrawing group is introduced on to a carbon that is beta to the quaternary nitrogen centre, Hofmann elimination is possible under the slightly alkaline pH of blood (pH = 7.4) and body temperature. The electron-withdrawing groups will function to increase the acidity of the hydrogen on the beta-carbon such that it is easily lost. Thus by introducing such a group, the drug is inactivated and is unable to bind to its receptor due to the loss of the positive charge on the quaternary centre and is split into two molecules. Thus deactivation occurs at a constant rate between patients. [6]

Resistance to Organizational Change in Business Essay -- Business Deve

By any objective measure, the amount of important, frequently distressing, change in organizations has grown enormously over the last two decades (Kotter, 1996). Jeffrey M. Hiatt, CEO of Prosci Inc., (as cited by Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly & Konopaske, 2009, p. 481) explained, â€Å"thirty years ago, a fortune 100 probably had one or two enterprise wide change initiatives going on; today that number is probably between 20 and 25.† The speed of global, economic, and technological development makes change an inevitable element of organizational life. Change is a pervasive, persistent, and permanent condition for all organizations (Gibson, et al., 2009). Organizational change means different things, and strategic renewal comes in different forms. Organizational change includes such concepts as first-order; incremental, continuous change and second-order, transformational/revolutionary, discontinuous change: †¢ First-order, incremental change, which may include modifications in systems, processes, or structures; however, it does not involve basic change in strategy, core values, or corporate identity. First-order changes preserve and develop the organization: they are changes created, almost contradictory, to sustain organizational continuity and order. †¢ Second-order, discontinuous change is transformational, extreme, and substantially alters the organization at its core. Second-order change does not involve developing change, rather it entails transforming the makeup of the organization (Palmer, Dunford, & Akin, 2009). In addition, Nadler and Tushman (as cited in Palmer, et. al, 2011) develop this distinction involving incremental and discontinuous change, explaining th... ...telnikov, V. (2001). Strategic management. Retrieved from Company Vision: http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/vision_creating.html Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Boston, MA.: Harvard Bsuiness Review Press. Logan, B. C. (2007). A framework for mixed stakeholders and mixed methods. Ejbrm.com , http://www.ejbrm.com/vol6/v6-i1/CrumpAndLogan.pdf. Palmer, I., Dunford, ,. R., & Akin, ,. G. (2009). Managing organizational change (2n ed.). New York, NY.: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Preziosi, R. C. (1996). Organizational diagnosis questioinnaire (ODQ). Spector, B. (2010). Implementing organizational chang: Theory into practice (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Vecchio, R. P. (2008). Leadership understanding the dynamics of power and Influence in Organizations,(2nd ed.). Notre Dame, Indiana: university of Notre Dame Press.

Data Protection Essay

Introduction In this report I am going to explain data protection, talk about the data protection acts, rights and principles. I’m going to talk about a data controller and a data processor and what their responsibilities are. What personal and sensitive data are. What a data receiver is and what his rights are, what is involved in direct marketing and I will mention an example of abuse or corruption that occurred in Ireland. Data protection acts Data protection is legal control over and access to use of data stored in computers. The office of the data protection commissioner is responsible for upholding the privacy rights of individuals in relation to the processing of their personal data. The acts state the information must be accurate, only those who should have access to it do and it is only to be used for specified purposes. You have the right to access your own information and correct wrong data or even erase it. Moran (2014) states that â€Å"you can have data without information, but you cannot have information without data†. Rights and principles There are 8 principles of data protection 1. It must be collected and fairly used 2. It must only be held and used for the reasons given to the information commissioner 3. It can only be used for registered purposes and showed to those mentioned in the register entry 4. You must only have the details you need for the job you are doing 5. It must be accurate and kept up to date 6. Cannot be kept longer than necessary for the registered purpose 7. Information must be kept safe and secure, must be backed up and kept away from unauthorised access 8. Files must not be transferred outside of the EU. Unless the country it is being sent to has a suitable data protection law. Data controller Data controller is a person who controls the contents and use of personal data. â€Å"Those who, either alone or with others control the contents and use of personal data. Data controllers can be either legal entities such as  companies, Government departments or voluntary organisations, or they can be individuals such as G.P’s, pharmacists or sole traders† (the office of the data protection commissioner (2014). The responsibilities of a data controller 1. Obtain and process the information fairly 2. Keep it only for one or more specified and lawful purposes 3. Process it only in ways compatible with the purposes for which it was given to you initially 4. Keep it safe and secure 5 .Keep it accurate and up-to-date 6. Ensure that it is adequate, relevant and not excessive 7. Retain it no longer than is necessary for the specified purpose or purposes 8. Give a copy of his/her personal data to any individual, on request Data processor Data processor is a person who processes personal data on behalf of a data controller but does not include an employee of a data controller who processes such data in the course of his employment. The office of the data protection commissioner (2014) states that â€Å" the data processor is distinct from the data controller for whom they are processing the personal data†¦someone who is contracted to provide a particular data processing service (e.g. a tax advisor) would be a data processor†. Personal data The office of the data protection commissioner (2014) states that â€Å"†personal data† means data relating to a living individual who is or can be identified either from the data or from the data in conjunction with other information that is in, or is likely to come into, the possession of the data controller†. Sensitive data Sensitive data is someone private information which may be related to their gender, age, race, marital status or sexual preference etc. The office of the data protection commissioner states that â€Å"relates to specific categories of data which are defined as data relating to a person’s racial origin; political opinions or religious or other beliefs; physical or mental health; sexual life; criminal convictions or the alleged commission of an offence; trade union membership. You have additional rights in relation to the  processing of any such data†. Data receiver (controller) The data receiver is the data controller he/she is the person who receives the data Direct Marketing Direct marketing is giving individuals information about products and services, is it completely legal providing it respects the individual’s right to privacy. The office of the data protection commissioner states that â€Å"The basic rule that applies to direct marketing is that you need the consent of the individual to use their personal data for direct marketing purposes. As a minimum, an individual must be given a right to refuse such use of their personal data both at the time the data is collected (an â€Å"opt-out†) and, in the case of direct marketing by electronic means, on every subsequent marketing message. The â€Å"opt-out† right must be free of charge†. Abuse and Corruption in Ireland May 2010: Captain Evan Cullen versus Michael O’Leary: Ryanair CEO Michael O’Leary apologised for wrongly describing a trade union official as a â€Å"failed Aer Lingus pilot† during RTE’s Prime Time in September 2006. The apology formed part of a settlement of a High Court action against him by Irish Air Line Pilots Association (IALPA) president, Captain Evan Cullen. Mr O’Leary also agreed to make a contribution to two charities by Mr Cullen as part of the settlement. In taking his defamation case Mr Cullen claimed the â€Å"failed pilot† had caused damage to his reputation both in his community and among his work colleagues. Mr Cullen said the remarks had caused â€Å"considerable upset to both himself and his family†, but that he was pleased his â€Å"good name and reputation as a pilot† has been fully vindicated. Conclusion In this report I have explained data protection, talked about the data protection acts, rights and principles. I’ve talked about a data controller and a data processor and what their responsibilities are, What personal and sensitive data are. What a data receiver is and what his rights are, what is involved in direct marketing and I have mentioned an example of abuse or corruption that occurred in Ireland. Reference list Kosta, E. (2013) Consent in European Data Law, Leiden: Nijhoff. Moran, D. (2014) â€Å"Brainy Quotes† [Online], available: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/data.html [accessed 28th November 2014] Office of the data protection commissioner (2014) â€Å"A guide for data Controllers† [Online], available: http://www.dataprotection.ie/docs/A-Guide-for-Data-Contollers/696.htm [accessed 28th November 2014] Defamation Ireland (2014) â€Å"Defamation cases in Ireland† [Online], available:http://www.defamationireland.com/defamation-cases-in-ireland/ [accessed 28th November 2014]

6 Fabulous Hints to Become a Successful Writing Major

6 Fabulous Hints to Become a Successful Writing Major 6 Fabulous Hints to Become a Successful Writing Major There are several skills one must improve to be a truly great writer. Here we are going to name six key skills for excellent writing, as well as tips on how to acquire and improve these traits. 1. Knowledge of Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation You can have creative ideas and excellent writing abilities, but without proper spelling, grammar, and punctuation, you cannot communicate your ideas effectively. People do not want to read writings that are full of errors, and you lose credibility when you cannot spell or punctuate properly. The best way to improve your language is to read. Read books, newspapers, favorite blogs - read anything. The more you read, the more spelling and grammar become second nature to you. Another way to improve your grammar is to search the Internet any time you are uncertain about how to punctuate a sentence or which verb tense to use. There are many excellent grammar websites devoted to consult you. 2. Understanding Your Purpose There are different types of writing for different purposes: narrative, persuasive, literary analysis, etc. To write effectively, first you must understand the purpose of the paper you are dealing with. Are you analyzing literature? Are you telling an entertaining story? Are you persuading the reader to agree with your opinion? When you are writing a college paper, look through the restrictions carefully. If your professor provides you with the demands, read them a couple of times to make sure you have fully understood your task. If you thoroughly understand the purpose of each piece you handle, you will be on your way to a writing master’s degree! 3. Imagination Excellent writers have perfect imagination. It is a skill you cannot be taught of, but you can develop it. Go to different places, observe people, try something new. Write down your observations in a notebook. If you have a dream, you can record it in your journal as well. Open your imagination even further by reading novels that take place in fantasy lands, or by watching movies that explore unique topics. Imagination comes from exploration and experience, so cultivate your imagination by being open to different places, people, and adventures. 4. Discipline A guaranteed way to improve any skill is to practice, so the best way to become a better writer is to write. Even if you are not in the vein to do this, or you feel like you have a writer’s block, simply take the pen or start typing. Write something every day, even if it is a short entry about what you have experienced and thought that day. The more you write, the more you will improve. You even won’t notice how you have became a writing MFA. 5. Research Skills When it comes to academic writing, being a good researcher is a must. Who is a good researcher? Someone who can find convincing, valid evidence to support the claim in his/her writing. One way to improve your research skills is to evaluate the sources you have chosen. While choosing a source to use in your paper, ask yourself the following questions: Was this source recently updated, or it is outdated? Who wrote this information? Would this person or organization be involved to this topic? Is it a trustworthy source with credible information? Is this information relevant to my topic? Make sure you are getting your research from the sources that are credible, current and relevant. The most important item for an excellent research is to know which sources to use. You also should be able to synthesize researches from several different sources, instead of using only one and simply paraphrasing its information. 6. Ability to Take Constructive Criticism We are our own biggest critics, so we must criticize our writings. Take yourself through multiple drafts instead of deciding that the very first one you have written is the best. Focus on your spelling, grammar, word choice, and organization. Do you stay on topic? Do you use strong vocabulary? Moreover, you can ask others for feedback, and do not take their criticism personally. The only way to get better is to continue learning and improving your writing skills. No writer is perfect, so continue striving for constant improvement. If you follow these tips, you will be amazed how much your writing skills have improved!

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference Set theory uses a number of different operations to construct new sets from old ones. There are a variety of ways to select certain elements from given sets while excluding others. The result is typically a set that differs from the original ones. It is important to have well-defined ways to construct these new sets, and examples of these include the union, intersection, and difference of two sets. A set operation that is perhaps less well-known is called the symmetric difference. Symmetric Difference Definition To understand the definition of the symmetric difference, we must first understand the word or. Although small, the word or has two different uses in the English language. It can be exclusive or inclusive (and it was just used exclusively in this sentence). If we are told that we may choose from A or B, and the sense is exclusive, then we may only have one of the two options. If the sense is inclusive, then we may have A, we may have B, or we may have both A and B. Typically the context guides us when we run up against the word or and we don’t even need to think about which way it’s being used. If we are asked if we would like cream or sugar in our coffee, it’s clearly implied that we may have both of these. In mathematics, we want to eliminate ambiguity. So the word or in mathematics has an inclusive sense. The word or is thus employed in the inclusive sense in the definition of the union. The union of the sets A and B is the set of elements in either A or B (including those elements that are in both sets). But it becomes worthwhile to have a set operation that constructs the set containing elements in A or B, where or is used in the exclusive sense. This is what we call the symmetric difference. The symmetric difference of the sets A and B are those elements in A or B, but not in both A and B. While notation varies for the symmetric difference, we will write this as A ∆ B For an example of the symmetric difference, we will consider the sets A {1,2,3,4,5} and B {2,4,6}. The symmetric difference between these sets is {1,3,5,6}. In Terms of Other Set Operations Other set operations can be used to define the symmetric difference. From the above definition, it is clear that we may express the symmetric difference of A and B as the difference of the union of A and B and the intersection of A and B. In symbols we write: A ∆ B (A ∠ª B) – (A ∠© B). An equivalent expression, using some different set operations, helps to explain the name symmetric difference. Rather than use the above formulation, we may write the symmetric difference as follows: (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A). Here we see again that the symmetric difference is the set of elements in A but not B, or in B but not A. Thus we have excluded those elements in the intersection of A and B. It is possible to prove mathematically that these two formulas are equivalent and refer to the same set.​ The Name Symmetric Difference The name symmetric difference suggests a connection with the difference of two sets. This set difference is evident in both formulas above. In each of them, a difference of two sets was computed. What sets the symmetric difference apart from the difference is its symmetry. By construction, the roles of A and B can be changed. This is not true for the difference between two sets. To stress this point, with just a little work we will see the symmetry of the symmetric difference since we see A ∆ B (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A) (B – A) ∠ª (A – B ) B ∆ A.

Discuss the theme of appearance and reality in Macbeth Essay

Discuss the theme of appearance and reality in Macbeth - Essay Example He is one who King Duncan trusts, and he has the favor of all his countrymen, but he betrays this trust and, for a while, everyone is deceived into believing that he mourns the death of Duncan as he seems to, that he killed the two guards out of his love for Duncan, and that will be a good ruler because he will think of the interests of the people, and not himself. The Thane of Cawdor was also a man who Duncan trusted, as he says in Act 1, Scene 4, â€Å"He was a gentleman on whom I built/An absolute trust†, but he, too, betrays that trust. Lady Macbeth is not suspected for her part in Duncan’s death, till she starts walking and talking in her sleeps, and ironically, Macduff wants to save her from hearing about it (2.3.85-88). Macduff himself is not trusted by his wife and Malcolm, because both believe him to be a traitor to the country, whereas, he is one who is willing to sacrifice all for his country, and it is he who later kills Macbeth. The sons who are suspected o f killing their fathers (Malcolm and Donalbain, and Fleance) also show how seeming truths are not always true. Images presented through language also play an important role in presenting the theme of appearances and reality. Numerous images conveying the idea of concealment occur in the speech of almost all the characters. Sometimes the concealment is in the form of clothes, where clothes supposedly hide what a person truly is. Thus Macbeth chides Ross for â€Å"dress[ing]† him â€Å"[i]n borrowed robes† (1.3.108-109) when Ross calls him the Thane of Cawdor. This is because he does not know that the Thane of Cawdor that was, no longer owns the title. Similarly, Macbeth talks of â€Å"put[ting] on manly readiness† (2.3.135), when the people are not really ready at all. Other forms of disguise also occur, such as masks: Macbeth tells the murderers he has hired, that he is â€Å"Masking the business from the common eye/For sundry weighty reasons† (3.1.125-126). Later, he

THE LAW OF TORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE LAW OF TORT - Essay Example Simon had a dizzy neck after his car accident and had gone to see the doctor who diagnosed him of whiplash. After hearing that he has a vital presentation to present before the final of the programme, he advised Simon to return to the gym and work out through the pain. This was a wrong advice on the part of the Company doctor. After listening to his advice, he worked through the pain, and as a consequence, Simon passed out during the presentation and was taken to hospital where he was diagnosed with trapped nerves in his neck and as a consequence, was unable to appear in the finale. Applying the rule of law laid down in the Boman Case, the Company doctor is liable for Simon passing out in the presentation and the subsequent diagnosis in the hospital. Simon would not have gone and worked out if he was not advised by his doctor to do so. Therefore, applying the tort of professional negligence, we come to the conclusion that the Company doctor is liable for the injuries which happened subsequent to training after getting diagnosed of whiplash. Looking at the remedy available to Simon, the doctor is liable to pay for the damages which occurred after he worked out at the gym, which includes the cost of treatment for getting diagnosed at the hospital, but not the losses incurred due the failure of Simon to attend the finale.These costs must be paid by the doctor to Simon as damages for the tort he committed,. He was negligent in his services and deserves to pay a price for such inefficient and nonprofessional advice. In the second issue, the case is whether Simon has a defence against the claim of the pedestrian for the damage to her laptop, her loss of book and her illness. The answer to this problem is yes Simon does have absolute defence against the claim of the pedestrian. The pedestrian was not remotely anywhere close to Simon’s responsibility of duty of care while the accident occurred. Simon does not owe her any duty of care in the first

Psycolinguistics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psycolinguistics - Research Proposal Example The psychological factors include the child’s family setting, stress, abuse, neglect, separation from loved ones, or an extreme psychological event that distressed him emotionally. The research will focus on questions like: Does an unsuitable family setting affect a child’s perception of speech? What impact does stress and emotional distress has on his speech and sound recognition? Does getting him separated from his loved ones like a parent affect his ability to perceive speech? These issues have inspired me to conduct this qualitative research. Literature Review Past Research Papers. Some past research that will be helpful is: Benedek, Elissa P. and Diane H. Schetky. â€Å"Problems in Validating Allegations of Sexual Abuse. Part 1: Factors Affecting Perception and Recall of Events.† Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26.6 (1987): 912-915. (This is a research on the effect of sexual abuse of child’s perception of events bu t it will also be helpful in interpreting child’s speech perception.) Hurewitz, Felicia, Brown-Schmidt, Sarah, Thorpe, Kirsten, Gleitman, Lila R. and John C. Trueswell.

Row based FPGAs Essay Example for Free

Row based FPGAs Essay It is a coarse grained one dimensional structure. The logic structure contains 16-bit registers, ALUs, Multipliers and SRAM blocks. Its interconnect structure consists of segmented 16-bit buses. There are two types of buses. Short buses provide local communication and long buses are interconnected by bus connectors. It is a subset of FPGA and an important class of programmable devices. It provides connectivity between the routing channels. It can be classified as ad-hoc and structured arrays (Weste Eshraghian, 2000 :401). Advantages Programming can be changed in real time. A computer program that executes on a PGA array is many faster than conventional machines. Disadvantages When the signal has to travel through a large number of cells, this can present in a substantial delay. The Xilinx Programmable Gate Array It is an example of an ad-hoc array. In the architecture of XC3000 series, an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) is embedded within a set of horizontal and vertical channels that contain routing. The configuration of the interconnect is achieved by turning on N-Channel past transistors. The CLB structure consists of two registers, number of muxes and a combinatorial function unit. At the junction of the horizontal and vertical routing channels, programmable switching matrices redirect routes. The switching matrices perform crossbar switching of the global interconnect which runs both vertically and horizontally. Programmable interconnect points interconnect a global routing to CLBs. Both PIPs and switching matrices are implemented as n-channel pass gates controlled by 1-bit RAM cells. Extra special long distance interconnect is used to route more important timing signals with a low skew (Weste Eshraghian,2000 :400). Initially, the board design is completed. Design then proceeds by mapping the logic design to the CLBs. Software then places and routes the CLBs by loading the internal state RAM with the codes needed to program the IOs, the CLBs and the routing. The design is then ready to be tested. Reprogrammable logic can be embedded within a larger system to aid the designer in easier system debug of a chip function. (Weste and Eshraghian,2000 ) (Weste and Eshraghian, 2000 ) Algotronix CAL1024 is an example of structured array. The architecture contains 1024 identical logic cells arranged in a 32-dy-32 matrix. At the boundary of the chip, 128 programmable I/O pins allow cascading of chips. The cell design consists of four multiplexers to route single bit signals in all possible directions. The muxers are controlled by 5 transistor static ram cells (Weste Eshraghian, 2000:403). In the IO pads only one pin is used for IO into and out of the array, but having the communicating chips automatically deal with two pins that are outputs. To achieve this, a three level logic scheme is used to sense when two outputs are driving each other via a contention circuit. (Weste and Eshraghian, 2000 ) (Weste and Eshraghian, 2000 ) PLA consists of an array of AND gates that can be programmed to generate any product of the input variables. The product terms are then connected to OR gates to provide a sum of products for the required Boolean function. In a PLA, each input goes through a buffer and inverter, so that both true and complement outputs are obtained. Each input and its complement are connected to inputs of each AND gates. The outputs of AND gates are connected to the inputs of each OR gate. The output of OR gate goes to an XOR gate where the other input can be programmed to receive a signal equal to either logic 1 or 0. The output may be complemented or left in its true form depending on the connection of one of the XOR gate inputs.

Genesis 1-11 :: essays research papers

Genesis 1-11 My mind began to fill with questions and thoughts as I read the first eleven chapters of the Bible (see list of questions after my paper please). It never ceases to amaze me that I can repeatedly read chapters of the Bible and learn or notice something fresh each study session. A number of unique things occurred to me this time through. The fact that the Tigris and Euphrates have actually been on earth since Adam was placed in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:14) amazed me. To think that I, with the appropriate finances, could go and see part of the Garden of Eden is astounding. The list of the descendents of Adam (Genesis 5) allowed me to grasp that Noah was only nine generations removed from Adam. I found in one of my reference books that Noah’s father, Lamech, was only fifty-six years old at the time of Adam’s death. However, at the same time, this information was a little disappointing. Did the whole earth really fill with corruption and violence in just nine generations? This served as a definite reminder of the kind of world we are born into. Even so, God sends hope into these Bible passages with Noah’s presence. Noah himself gave me hope. I came to realize as I read that Noah was the first example of a genuinely righteous man in the Bible. With unbending confidence in God’s word, Noah began to build the Arc. Noah could nearly even be considered an in advance example of what Jesus would be like. For approximately 120 years, Noah preached God’s judgement, mercy, and the coming flood. However, people turned their heads at Noah and continued in their evil ways. Another interesting event was the first time rain fell from the heavens (Genesis 7:12). Before the great flood, water came up from the ground (Genesis 2:6). After the flood, Noah’s family was the only one on earth. With this data, we can assume that everyone is a descendent of Shem, Ham, or Japheth, Noah’s three sons. Therefore Noah’s family re-populated the earth. Different languages and cultures came when God spread the people all over the earth and confused mankind by separating their languages and geography (Genesis 11:7-9). Genesis 1-11 :: essays research papers Genesis 1-11 My mind began to fill with questions and thoughts as I read the first eleven chapters of the Bible (see list of questions after my paper please). It never ceases to amaze me that I can repeatedly read chapters of the Bible and learn or notice something fresh each study session. A number of unique things occurred to me this time through. The fact that the Tigris and Euphrates have actually been on earth since Adam was placed in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:14) amazed me. To think that I, with the appropriate finances, could go and see part of the Garden of Eden is astounding. The list of the descendents of Adam (Genesis 5) allowed me to grasp that Noah was only nine generations removed from Adam. I found in one of my reference books that Noah’s father, Lamech, was only fifty-six years old at the time of Adam’s death. However, at the same time, this information was a little disappointing. Did the whole earth really fill with corruption and violence in just nine generations? This served as a definite reminder of the kind of world we are born into. Even so, God sends hope into these Bible passages with Noah’s presence. Noah himself gave me hope. I came to realize as I read that Noah was the first example of a genuinely righteous man in the Bible. With unbending confidence in God’s word, Noah began to build the Arc. Noah could nearly even be considered an in advance example of what Jesus would be like. For approximately 120 years, Noah preached God’s judgement, mercy, and the coming flood. However, people turned their heads at Noah and continued in their evil ways. Another interesting event was the first time rain fell from the heavens (Genesis 7:12). Before the great flood, water came up from the ground (Genesis 2:6). After the flood, Noah’s family was the only one on earth. With this data, we can assume that everyone is a descendent of Shem, Ham, or Japheth, Noah’s three sons. Therefore Noah’s family re-populated the earth. Different languages and cultures came when God spread the people all over the earth and confused mankind by separating their languages and geography (Genesis 11:7-9).

‘Explore the ways that writers present strong feelings to interest the reader or audience’

Various techniques are used by writers to present strong feelings which evoke emotion from the reader or audience. Literary techniques are used in great lengths to both emphasise strong feelings in a literary piece and to also evoke strong feelings from an audience. The techniques embody language, structure and form. The experimentation of structure and poetic techniques used by writers create strong feelings within both the contemporary and present audience, ensuring audiences were and always will be interested in the literary piece.In the prologue of the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ the audience learn that two dignified households in the city of Verona hold an ‘’ancient grudge’’ towards each other, which remains a source of the violent conflict which is central to the play. It can be suggested that hatred has grown stronger over a long period of time. Similarly, the structure of the poem undermined traditional Elizabethan sonnets which were tradit ionally love poems. Shakespeare’s, however, changed this form to show hatred, violence, conflict and death to foreshadow the ending of ‘Romeo and Juliet’.An Elizabethan audience would have recognised this, creating a feeling of excitement and curiosity within them. Likewise in ‘sonnet 43’ Browning has also undermined the traditional form of a sonnet to create religious imagery to describe her lover. Browning’s sonnet discusses and compares her strong feelings for her lover and as her description develops she illustrates that she loves him with the emotions of an entire life from childhood right through to death. ‘’I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears, of all my life!– And, if God choose, I shall love thee better after death’’. She worships her lover with all her heart and respects him much more than she does her religion. He touches all aspects of her life and gives meaning to her whole existence. The au dience would be shocked as during the Victorian era religion was paramount in the lives of the people. However, it is not just love for one person that is described but the feeling of love itself. Similarly, as Romeo and Juliet become innocent victims of an atrocious ‘‘strife’’ between their families when they ‘’take their lives’’.Considerably, the poet evokes strong feelings towards the emotion of love when Browning is describing the intensity of religion and the link between death and love, as Shakespeare does when he links the idea of love and death in the prologue, allowing both the audience and the reader to openly question the content without profanity. In the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ segregated from society is a dominant feeling and a reoccurring theme. Romeo and Juliet go to extreme lengths to preserve their love together.They did this as according to Elizabethan society it was nor their ‘Fate’ nor ‘Destiny’ to ever be together. Therefore by choosing to be together consequences to them both mocking society. Juliet was Romeos second love which is ironic and therefore mocks society because Elizabethans believed in fate and destiny and that you could only ever love one person. If you loved again you weren’t really in love or you previous relationship wasn’t love but lust. Romeo’s feelings power his actions contradicting the Elizabethan norm which would undoubtedly evoke strong feelings such as disgust and shock from the audience.Alternatively in the poem ‘My last duchess’ the writer evokes strong feelings from the reader by focusing on the dominance and control of the Duke towards his wife. The audience in this case is this the ambassador acting on behalf of Ferdinand referred to in the poem as ‘The Count, your master’ but in reality it is the reader. This makes the reader feel rebellious as they are ‘eavesdroppin g’ on an interesting conversation. This completely contrasts to Romeos relationship with Juliet. They respect and accept each other as equals whereas the Duke doesn’t respect his wife or even acknowledge her.The duke refers to his wife, not by her name, by ‘she’. A contemporary reader would accept this as men were the dominant spouse. ‘’Half flushed that dies along the throat’’. This is ironic as it is said that the duke killed or had his wife killed, we could interpret that he beheaded or had her beheaded. This would surprise the reader as the duke earlier in the poem he compliments his wife, calling her a ‘wonder’. Although his words and actions are brutal the duke would have been accepted by society as men were believed to be higher than women.Romeo and Juliet’s love was not accepted by an Elizabethan society but they choose to ignore their friends and family, therefore appalling their audiences and mocking their entire beliefs. In the play Romeo and Juliet confusion, doubt and uncertainty are common emotions. During the balcony scene Juliet is speaking her mind unaware that Romeo had been listening. ‘’Be sworn my love, and I shall no longer be a Capulet’’. She would disown her family to be with Romeo, someone whom she had just met. This would have stunned an Elizabethan audience as she came from a rich, well respected family.There is more confusion when Juliet’s feelings change, ‘’ it is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden’’. Shakespeare uses the ‘rule of three’ to emphasise on the word ‘too’. He does this to show how strong Juliet’s doubt towards Romeo is. An Elizabethan audience would be confused as to how she could change her mind as they believed in love at first sight and this was going against that belief. Shakespeare mocks his entire society though his characters by showing them that fate and destiny is not written in the stars but is decided by you.Equally, in the poem ‘The Laboratory’ there is a lot of confusion between the character and the reader. The woman in the poem is searching for the perfect poison to commit a murder. She cannot seem to decide what poison she would like and is distracted by the â€Å"exquisite blue† colours of the poisons. ‘’Yonder soft phial†¦ sure to taste sweetly, – is that poison too? ’’. Her actions are very child-like and due to her frequent change of mind the reader will begin to doubt her motive and seriousness.The reader feels confused at her motives and could assume the poem is comic and not serious. By using a question mark, the poet emphasises the protagonists confused mind. This confusion is further highlighted by the â€Å"-â€Å"which separates the question from the rest of the stanza and draws it to the attention of the reader. Clearly, Shakespeare and Mr and Mrs Browning all convey strong emotion to the audience and readers whether it is through language, structure or form. This is one of the main reasons why their literature has lasted and is greatly treasured.

Choosing a Course Book Essay

Every teacher knows the students need a course book. It would seem that a course book is an essential element in any course, at any age, no matter how young or old the students are. Every teacher also knows it should be the best course book possible for those students. But what exactly is the best course book? So, how do we choose the course books we want use with our students? Choosing a course book is not a frivolous matter. When deciding on a course book for the students, we should be making an informed decision. It should be made based on analysis and knowledge. It shouldn’t be made lightly and we shouldn’t feel that ‘any old course book’ will do. Furthermore, we shouldn’t be coerced or bullied into choosing one course book over another, by anyone. Choose your course books based on a clear, detailed analysis of what it offers and what your students need. Many researchers have compiled checklists and guidelines for choosing appropriate course books for different students. Some are more detailed and some are less so, but all deal with more or less the same issues. It is very important to know what to look for when choosing a book. Before choosing a course book for the students in any course, it is important to create a needs-analysis for your own students. What will the students need to know by the end of the course or school year? Once the needs-analysis is done, it’s a good idea to create a list of items that you consider desirable in a course book. Based on these lists, any course book can then be analyzed. Below are a few basic questions (to help get you started) that should be asked when we are in the process of choosing a course book for our classes and our students.

The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910

The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910 Mexican and American people should remember the Mexican revolution which took place in 1910. Several years people struggled for their lands, freedom and the opportunity to lead a normal life. Many people had leave their places as Americans and other powerful people just captured what they had.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910-1942 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reading the book The Wind that Swept Mexico: The History of the Mexican Revolution, 1910-1942 by Brenner and Leighton (1984), it is possible to imagine how people struggled and how they suffered. Inequality and injustice supported that revolution. Looking at the time when the events took place, the beginning of the 20th century and the barbaric circumstances which supported the revolution, it is possible to predict that nothing similar may be seen in the modern time. However, the events in the modern world and the countries, which still allow such cases, exist. Columbia is a developing country where the laws are rather co0ntestible and the behavior of some powers remain unsatisfied. However, people are unable to contradict due to low income, poor existence and other factors which impact the situation. It is possible to draw the parallel; between Similar to 1910s Mexico and Colombia’s â€Å"dispossessed†, the events which may be characterized by the illegal having of the lands of population taken away by wealthy landowners with the complicity of the government. Remembering the Mexican revolution, the participants and the simple viewers of the event saw the following,  Every home was in a state of siege. Civilians dodging out for food were often caught in crossfires, and their bodies lay in the streets. Women ran on desperate errands carrying flags made of sheets tied to brooms. A million people had become only a battlefield (Brenner, Leighton, 1984, p. 34). Reading such expla nation, it is impossible to imagine that the same things may happen in the civilized world. However, this is exactly what happened in 2000 in Columbia. Molano (2005) in his book The dispossessed: chronicles of the Desterrados of Colombia presents the story of this country when people were deprived of everything they had.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There was neither law nor judges, neither protectors nor those who could even help. Powerful people believed that they could do everything they had, others were sure that they did not have anything and could not sustain. Reading the stories told by a boy named Toà ±ito, one becomes really shocked of how the government of the country may act in such a way. Modern world is based on democracy where people are the hands of the power. Still, Columbia is not such a country. The government there lives under personal rules a nd does all possible to satisfy personal needs. Remembering the Mexican revolution, people say, â€Å"cases involving a foreigner against a Mexican were decided according to the principle that the foreigner must be right† (Brenner, Leighton, 1984, p. 11). The foreigners were the conquerors and this may be considered as one of the approvals of the events. â€Å"Many wars. Here had been a great war in which the Americans – or was it the English? had come down from the north and, aided by the devil†¦ had overrun many lands† (Brenner, Leighton, 1984, p. 18). However, the situation in Columbia was different. Paramilitaries came to the places of simple people to get what they wanted. Molano (2005) writes, â€Å"everybody was inside by eight o’clock. The adults would sit outside talking among themselves until then, because later, the paramilitaries would ride by on their motorcycles and kill whoever was at the street† (p. 73). Therefore, the main d ifference between the Mexican revolution and the Columbian’s dispossessed was the fact that in the first case the foreigners wanted to get something from a poor neighbors, while in the situation with Columbia, the government and wealthy people believed that they do not possess enough and simple poor people should give them what they have. Toà ±ito’s story about his family who were killed is touching. He tells about the representatives of power who wanted to get their house, about his days when he had nothing to eat and to where to leave. As a result, Toà ±ito remain at the street with other boys (Molano, 2005). Osiris’s story is more shocking.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910-1942 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Her husband was shot in front of her and her children. Several years later, her son was killed by police and her daughter disappeared. The more shocking event was the fact that she was accused in the murder and disappearance of her children. These are the methods how police and other governmental structures made people leave their places to give those to powerful and wealthy representatives of the society. Such countries as Mexico and Columbia do not know what democracy is. These people are not sure what they can wait from their government, they are not protected at all. These two war events which took place in Mexico and about 100 years later in Columbia prove the fact that there are people who do want to get everything, that democracy for some people is just the word which means nothing. Of course, powerful people will always get more if they use their power on the personal benefit. However, governments of the same kind should understand that the life under oppression cannot last forever, there always will be people who will want to change everything. Looking at Mexican people, it is impossible to say that they live wealthy lives, however, these people are happy to have their homes, lands and work. Columbian oppression is also finishes. Social and political processes are subjected to different laws. Even if the country leaders do not know them, it does not mean that they are not going to work. Oppressed people are ready for revolution and they will win this revolution some time. Fear for personal life is not that powerful like the fear for the same future for children, for the same future for the further generations. There are many examples in the world history where people are ready to fight to death for the freedom of those who will manage to survive. The examples of the violence (foreigners in Mexico and police in Columbia) almost 100 years ago show that human greed does not have the measures. Having a desire to get more land, powerful structures are ready for murders and other violence acts to make sure that they will be able to get what they want.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Molano (2005) and Brenner Leighton (1984) give the vivid examples of what happened in Columbia and Mexico respectively and these pictures shock. The events and the reasons are similar as the fight for land has always been supported with blood and suffering. Reference List Brenner, A., Leighton, G. R. (1984). The Wind that Swept Mexico: The History of the Mexican Revolution, 1910-1942. Austin: University of Texas Press. Molano, A. (2005). The dispossessed: chronicles of the Desterrados of Colombia. New York: Haymarket Books.